ArticlePloS one2020
Prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in Thatta Pakistan: Findings from a cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01883193 (Women First), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women First: Preconception Maternal Nutrition
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birth weight and gestational age distributions in a rural Kenyan population.BMC pediatrics · 2023Trial
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- Perioperative Anemia in Patients Planned for Cesarean Deliveries: A Quality Improvement Audit from a Private Tertiary Care Center of Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age and Children Under Five in Tajikistan.Nutrients · 2026Article
- An Updated Review on Iron Deficiency Anemia: From Epidemiology to Diagnosis, Etiology, Prevention and Treatment.Journal of blood medicine · 2026Review
- Trends and factors associated with anemia among women of reproductive age in Mali: analysis of data from 2001 to 2018 Mali demographic and health surveys.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Geospatial inequalities in women's malnutrition in Pakistan.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy among women in Bosomtwe District, Ghana.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- A silent crisis: two decades of anaemia trends among women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2000-2019).Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- The Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Anemia Among Ethiopian Women in Their Reproductive Age (15-49 Years): Analysis of National Survey Data.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Anti-anemic potential ofFood science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Factors associated with anemia among reproductive age women in Nigeria; evidenced by the Nigeria malaria indicators survey: spatial and multilevel model analysis.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Determinants and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Democratic Republic of Congo (drc): a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model approach.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Frequency of Maternal Anemia in Patients Presenting With Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes.Cureus · 2024Article
- Access to basic sanitation facilities reduces the prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age in sub-saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Factors Related to Anemia Prevalence Among Women of Childbearing Age in the Period of Global Pandemic.Cureus · 2023Article
- Is the burden of anaemia among Indian adolescent women increasing? Evidence from Indian Demographic and Health Surveys (2015-21).PLOS global public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnemia is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age leading to high maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Of the prior studies conducted in Pakistan, most focused on large urban areas and did not explore the determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) across socio-demographic, dietary, reproductive, and biological domains. Thus, we aimed to study the prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in rural Pakistan.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in the Thatta district of Pakistan from September 2018 to January 2019 and enrolled 150 non-pregnant, married women. Data collectors administered a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, reproductive and dietary data from women, who also provided stool and blood samples. We classified all WRA as anemic if their hemoglobin was <12.0 g/dl. We performed logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their respective 95% CIs to assess the determinants of anemia.
resultsIn our study, 61.3% of the enrolled women were anemic. In the multivariable analysis, we found that factors such as serum iron levels of less than 50 μg/dl (aOR: 7.17; 95% CI (2.94, 17.47)), history of breastfeeding (aOR: 2.43; 95% CI (1.04, 5.72)), living in a katcha house (aOR: 6.61; 95% CI (2.21, 19.87)), no consumption of meat (aOR: 4.18; 95% CI (1.66, 9.96)) were significantly associated with anemia among WRA. A history of more than one abortion (aOR: 0.06; 95% CI (0.01, 0.33) appeared protective for its association with anemia.
conclusionOur findings demonstrate a high burden of anemia and its complex determinants among WRA in rural Pakistan. A combination of nutritional and educational strategies should be designed to encourage rural women to consume iron-rich foods in their diet with an access to adequate food. Breastfeeding women should be encouraged to consume extra calories with sufficient intake of the food to continue exclusive breastfeeding and reserve the iron stores through amenorrhea to prevent themselves from becoming anemic.
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