ReviewPLoS neglected tropical diseases2020
The global distribution of actinomycetoma and eumycetoma.
Review in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological profiling of patients with mycetoma: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Eumycetoma causative agents: A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization priority list of fungal pathogens.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Mycetoma.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Homology Modeling and Pharmacophore Based Inhibitor Design Targeting Isocitrate Lyase of Madurella mycetomatis-A Novel Approach Against Eumycetoma.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Mycetoma as a major cause of limb amputation in Northeastern Ethiopia: A facility-based retrospective study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- A rare presentation of actinomycotic mycetoma of the hand: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Actinomycetoma of the wrist: diagnostic insights from a pathology perspective (case report).The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Surgical Management and Antifungal Therapy for Extensive Eumycetoma of the Right Foot: A Case Report from Resource Limited Settings.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- [Myelopathy secondary to thoracic actinomycetoma].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Article
- Traditional healing and mycetoma management in East Sennar State (Sudan): a qualitative exploration.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Kinome analysis of Madurella mycetomatis identified kinases in the cell wall integrity pathway as novel potential therapeutic drug targets in eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Eumycetoma: pathogenesis, current treatments, and the search for new drugs.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Current state and future directions of interventions for neglected tropical diseases.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Article
- The development of a multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification reaction to detect the most common causative agents of eumycetoma.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Beyond Myiasis: Understanding Environmental Factors, Maggots, and Infection Risks in Xylazine-Associated Wounds.Cureus · 2025Article
- Iron regulatory pathways differentially expressed during Madurella mycetomatis grain development in Galleria mellonella.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dermatologic fungal neglected tropical diseases-Part I. Epidemiology and clinical features.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025Review
- Identification of Microbial-Based Natural Products as Potential CYP51 Inhibitors for Eumycetoma Treatment: Insights from Molecular Docking, MM-GBSA Calculations, ADMET Analysis, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMycetoma, a chronic infection of the skin and underlying structures, affects those with a close relationship to the land, often in resource-poor areas of the world. Whether caused by any one of a variety of fungus or bacteria, mycetoma causes significant disability and mortality. Acknowledged as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016, mycetoma is susceptible to being misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and mismanaged. In an effort to shift the balance in favor of recognition and effective treatment, sound epidemiological understanding is required. METHODS AND
findingsIn this paper, a literature review of case reports and series (332 papers in total) is presented as three maps. We identified 19,494 cases dating from 1876 to 2019, with cases contracted in 102 countries. The first map shows where mycetoma has ever been reported, the second shows how many cases have been reported, and the third shows the ratio of eumycetoma (fungal) to actinomycetoma (bacterial). Most cases are found in Mexico, India, and Sudan, where mycetoma is studied rigorously. We identified emergence of new geographical loci, including the United States, Venezuela, Italy, China, and Australia. Notably, mycetoma is reported far outside the tropics. In the Americas, bacterial forms dominate, whereas, in Africa and Asia, the picture is more varied.
conclusionsWith better understanding of the epidemiology of mycetoma, more can be done to direct education, preventive measures, and treatment to at-risk areas, enabling a reduction in disease burden.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.