ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2021
A Critical Review of Multimodal Interventions for Cachexia.
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multicomponent Interventions for Adults With Cancer Cachexia: A Systematic Review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Pooled it
- Multimodal interventions for cachexia management.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Using a generative co-design framework to adapt an exercise intervention as part of a multimodal intervention for patients' receiving haemodialysis with or at risk of renal cachexia.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Multi-modal integrated intervention combining exercise, anti-inflammatory, and dietary advice (MMIEAD) for adults with kidney cachexia: protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial and process evaluation.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Revisiting Cancer Cachexia Staging: Introducing an "At Risk" Category Based on AWGC Components.Thoracic cancer · 2025Review
- The lived experience of renal cachexia: An interpretive phenomenological analysis.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2024Article
- Validity of the diagnostic criteria from the Asian Working Group for Cachexia in advanced cancer.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- Tryptophan Modulation in Cancer-Associated Cachexia Mouse Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Developing an Evidence and Theory Based Multimodal Integrative Intervention for the Management of Renal Cachexia: A Theory of Change.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Leucine Supplementation in Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms and a Review of the Pre-Clinical Literature.Nutrients · 2022Review
- [Research Progress of Pharmacological Therapy and Nutritional Support for Cachexia in Lung Cancer Patients].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2022Review
- Update on the Etiology, Assessment, and Management of COPD Cachexia: Considerations for the Clinician.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Review
- Article
- The regulatory approval of anamorelin for treatment of cachexia in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer in Japan: facts and numbers.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Article
- Revisiting Cancer Cachexia: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Current Treatment Approaches.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursingReview
- Barriers in Nursing Practice in Cancer Cachexia: A Scoping Review.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursingArticle
- The Role of Nurse in the Multidisciplinary Management of Cancer Cachexia.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursingReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, there are no standardized treatments for cachexia or severe wasting. There is a growing consensus advocating multimodal interventions to address the complex pathogenesis and metabolic alterations in these conditions. This review examined multimodal treatments intended to alleviate and/or stabilize cachexia and severe wasting. The objectives of this review were to 1) identify multimodal interventions for the treatment of cachexia or associated wasting syndromes in patients with a chronic illness, 2) assess the quality of these studies, and 3) assess the effectiveness of multimodal interventions. Electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PEDro, OpenGrey, and clinicaltrials.org were systematically searched using both text words and MeSH (medical subject heading) terms. The literature revealed a dearth of large, well-conducted trials in this area. Fourteen trials (n = 5 cancer, n = 5 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n = 4 chronic kidney disease) were included in this review. A total of 1026 patients were included across all studies; sample size ranged between 21 and 138 patients. Baseline and follow-up data were collected between 6 wk and 24 mo. All demonstrated some improvement in favor of the treatment groups, in relevant measures of body composition, nutrition, biomarkers, and functionality; however, caution should be applied due to the heterogenous nature of the interventions and small sample sizes. Overall, the evidence from this review supports the role of multimodal interventions in the treatment of severe wasting. However, randomized controlled trials with a powered sample size and sufficiently lengthy interaction period are necessary to assess if multimodal interventions are effective forms of therapy for improving body composition and nutritional and physical status in patients with cachexia and wasting. The protocol for this review is registered with Prospero (ID: CRD42019124374).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.