ArticleFamily practice2021
The validity, reliability, sensitivity and responsiveness of a modified Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI-2) as a tool for serial measurements of health enablement.
Article in Family practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of Routine Measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Improving Patient-reported Outcomes in Primary Care Patients with Chronic Knee and Back Problems - A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Article
- Patient empowerment outcomes in chronic disease care in Lebanon with validation of a measurement scale and associated determinants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Application of the PAPERS Grading Criteria Within a Rapid Evidence Review to Determine the Psychometric and Pragmatic Properties of Patient Empowerment Tools.Journal of patient experience · 2024Article
- Empowerment and enablement and their associations with change in health-related quality of life after a supported osteoarthritis self-management programme - a prospective observational study.Archives of physiotherapy · 2023Article
- The Impact of a Health Empowerment Program on Self-Care Enablement and Mental Health among Low-Income Families: Evidence from a 5 Year Cohort Study in Hong Kong.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPatient enablement is a core tenet of patient-centred and holistic primary care. The Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) is a transitional measure limited in its ability to measure changes over time. A modified version, PEI-2, has been developed to measure enablement at a given time-point without comparison to a recalled baseline.
objectiveTo assess the validity, reliability, sensitivity and responsiveness of PEI-2.
methodsPEI-2 was modified from the Chinese PEI to assess enablement over 4 weeks in a prospective cohort study nested within a community support programme [Trekkers Family Enhancement Scheme (TFES)] in Hong Kong. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis and convergent validity by Spearman's correlations with health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC), responsiveness by 12-24-month change in PEI-2 score and sensitivity by differences in change of PEI-2 score between TFES participants and a control group.
resultsPEI-2 demonstrated construct validity with all items loading on one factor (factor loadings >0.7). Convergent validity was confirmed by significant correlations with 12-item Short Form Questionnaire, version 2 (r = 0.1089-0.1919) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (r = -0.2030). Internal reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.9095) and test-retest reliability moderate (ICC = 0.520, P = 0.506). Significant improvements in PEI-2 scores among the TFES group suggested good responsiveness (P < 0.001). The difference in change of PEI-2 scores between TFES and control was significant (P = 0.008), indicating good sensitivity.
conclusionsThis study supports the validity, reliability, sensitivity and responsiveness of PEI-2 in measuring changes in enablement, making it a promising tool for evaluating enablement in cohort and intervention studies.
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