ArticleCureus2020
Estimation of Alpha-Synuclein Monomer and Oligomer Levels in the Saliva of the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possibility for an Early Diagnosis.
Article in Cureus, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The Role of Alpha-Synuclein in Neurodevelopmental Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Neuroplasticity in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2025Review
- Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Qualitative Evaluation of α-Synuclein: A Critical Step in Unravelling the Complexities of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2023Article
- Improvement of behavioural pattern and alpha-synuclein levels in autism spectrum disorder after consumption of a beta-glucan food supplement in a randomised, parallel-group pilot clinical study.BMJ neurology open · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background In degenerative brain diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD), alpha-synuclein (a-syn) can be in its monomeric (a-syn-mono) or toxic oligomeric (a-syn-oligo) or as a total (a-syn-total) forms in the biological body fluids including saliva. Past research has observed major a-syn plasma variations in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pointing toward brain degenerative components in their pathophysiology. No prior study has shown a-syn levels in ASD patients' saliva. Objective This study estimates the levels of alpha-synuclein monomer (a-syn-mono) and alpha-synuclein oligomer (a-syn-oligo) in the saliva of ASD affected children so that saliva can be a method for detecting disorder. Materials and methods This cross-sectional, multi-center study was conducted in Islamic International Medical College, Autism Resource Centre (ARC), and Step-to-learn Rehabilitation center for the slow learner in Rawalpindi. The research was performed for one year from August 2018 to August 2019. Saliva samples from 80 children (40 ASD affected children, and 40 age- and sex-comparable healthy controls) were collected. Specific anti-alpha-synuclein monomers (anti-a-syn-mono) and anti-alpha-synuclein oligomers (anti-a-syn-oligo) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits analyzed the salivary samples. Mean ± SD were reported for quantitative data. The data between the two groups were compared using an independent t-test. The p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 80 children were included in the study (n=40 ASD affected, n=40 healthy controls). The age of participating children was between four and eight years. The mean alpha-synuclein monomer level in the saliva of ASD children was 92.03 ± 117.09 pg/ml (p≤0.05), and in healthy subjects was 186.78 ± 239.31 ρg/ml. The levels of alpha-synuclein oligomer in the saliva of patients with ASD children were 0.13 ± 0.05 ng/ml (p<0.001), and in the healthy subjects was 0.33 ± 0.26 ng/ml. Both alpha-synuclein monomer and alpha-synuclein oligomer levels were low in the saliva of ASD children. Conclusion Children with ASD had low levels of alpha-synuclein monomer and oligomer than healthy children which are unique than that of levels found in other degenerative brain diseases.
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