ArticleBMJ open2020
Impact of home-based family planning counselling and referral on modern contraceptive use in Karachi, Pakistan: a retrospective, cross-sectional matched control study.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- Narrative synthesis systematic review of Pakistani women's health outcomes from primary care interventions.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of family planning education given to married illiterate women of reproductive age via visual material support on family planning related attitudes and contraceptive preferences: the example of Viranşehir, Türkiye.BMC women's health · 2025Trial
- Effect of health education on knowledge, perception, and intended contraceptive use for family planning among university students in Pakistan.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Client-centered counseling and facilitation in improving modern contraceptive uptake in urban slum of Karachi Pakistan.PloS one · 2023Article
- Effects of Integrating Family Planning With Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Services on Uptake of Voluntary Modern Contraceptive Methods in Rural Pakistan: Protocol for a Quasi-experimental Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess: (1) the impact of a reproductive health program on modern contraceptive use from baseline to program close; (2) the sustained impact from baseline to follow-up 36 months later; and (3) the exposure-adjusted impact at program close and follow-up.
designRetrospective, cross-sectional matched control study.
settingKarachi, Pakistan.
participants2561 married women aged 16-49 years.
interventionsThe Willows Program, a community-based family planning counselling and referral program implemented from 2013 to 2015. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was community-level modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR), measured for January 2013 (baseline), June 2015 (program close) and at follow-up 36 months later. A secondary outcome was exposure-adjusted mCPR (among women reporting a family planning home visit) at program close and at follow-up.
resultsThere was no significant effect on community-level mCPR at program close (2.4 percentage point increase in intervention over comparison; 95% CI -2.2 to 7.0) or at follow-up (1.9 percentage point decrease; 95% CI -6.7 to 2.8). Only 18% of women in the intervention area reported receiving a family planning visit in the preceding 5 years. Among those reporting a visit, we observed a significant 10.3 percentage point increase (95% CI 4.6 to 15.9) from baseline to close, and a non-significant 2.0 percentage point increase (95% CI -3.8 to 7.8) from baseline to follow-up, relative to matched women in the comparison area. The cost per new modern method user was US$1089, while the cost per user-year during the intervention period was US$455.
conclusionsThe program had a positive short-term effect on women who received a family planning visit; however, this effect was not sustained. Program coverage was low and did not significantly increase community-level family planning use. Findings highlight the need to increase community coverage of high-quality counselling and contextually relevant interventions for family planning demand generation.
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