ArticleBMC medicine2020
Arterial calcification at multiple sites: sex-specific cardiovascular risk profiles and mortality risk-the Rotterdam Study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide study identifies effector genes and druggable pathways for coronary artery calcification.Nature genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations of NMR metabolic biomarkers and arterial calcification: An observational and Mendelian randomization study within the BBMRI metabolomics consortium.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) associates with high-resolution MRI-assessed intracranial plaque vulnerability and long-term stroke recurrence.European radiology · 2025Article
- Regressing calcifications in the carotid artery: What's going on? A case series.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- The Carotid Siphon as a Pulsatility Modulator for Brain Protection: Role of Arterial Calcification Formation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Morphometry of Intracranial Carotid Artery Calcifications in Patients with Recent Cerebral Ischemia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress and its related epigenetic modifications in vascular calcification: mechanisms and advances.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Burden of intracranial artery calcification in white patients with ischemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2024Article
- Progression of arterial calcifications: what, where, and in whom?European radiology · 2024Article
- Association between BMD and coronary artery calcification: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024Observational
- Intracranial arteriosclerosis and the risk of dementia: A population-based cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Association of Anthropometric and CT-Based Obesity Indices with Subclinical Atherosclerosis.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Article
- Distribution of Arteriosclerotic Vessels in Patients with Arteriosclerosis and the Differences of Serum Lipid Levels Classified by Different Sites.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Long-term outcomes of lung cancer screening in males and females.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Market competition influences practice patterns in management of patients with intermittent claudication in the vascular quality initiative.Journal of vascular surgery · 2023Article
- Decreased 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Level Is Associated with All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Lipoprotein(a) is associated with a larger systemic burden of arterial calcification.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2023Article
- Article
- Aging of the Arterial System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvidence has pointed towards differences in the burden of arteriosclerosis according to its location and sex. Yet there is a scarcity of population-based data on aggregated sex-specific cardiovascular risk profiles, instead of single risk factors, and mortality risk according to the location of arteriosclerosis. We assessed sex-specific cardiovascular risk profiles and mortality risk associated with arteriosclerosis.
methodsFrom the population-based Rotterdam Study, 2357 participants (mean age 69 years, 53% women) underwent non-contrast computed tomography to quantify calcification, as a proxy for arteriosclerosis, in the coronary arteries (CAC), aortic arch (AAC), extracranial (ECAC) and intracranial carotid arteries (ICAC), vertebrobasilar arteries (VBAC), and aortic valve (AVC). Principal component analysis (PCA) of eight distinct cardiovascular risk factors was performed, separately for women and men, to derive risk profiles based on the shared variance between factors. We used sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between PCA-derived risk profiles and severe calcification at different locations. We investigated the associations of severe calcification with mortality risk using sex-stratified multivariable Cox regression.
resultsPCA identified three cardiovascular risk profiles in both sexes: (1) anthropometry, glucose, and HDL cholesterol; (2) blood pressure; and (3) smoking and total cholesterol. In women, the strongest associations were found for profile 2 with severe ECAC and ICAC (adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.32 [1.14-1.53]) and for profile 3 with severe at all locations, except AVC. In men, the strongest associations were found for profile 2 with VBAC (1.31 [1.12-1.52]) and profile 3 with severe AAC (1.28 [1.09-1.51]). ECAC and AVC in women and CAC in men showed the strongest, independent associations with cardiovascular mortality (HR [95% CI] 2.11 [1.22-3.66], 2.05 [1.21-3.49], 2.24 [1.21-3.78], respectively).
conclusionsOur findings further underline the existence of sex- and location-specific differences in the etiology and consequences of arteriosclerosis. Future research should unravel which distinct pathological processes underlie differences in risk profiles for arteriosclerosis.
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Registered trials
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