ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2020
Chemical Characterization of a Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Sample and Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish (
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- PFAS Mixture Composition and Internal Exposure Profiles Shape Biological Responses under Field-Realistic Exposure.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Rapid, High-Capacity, and Reusable Bovine Serum Albumin-Based Adsorbents for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Removal.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Developmental Toxicity of Photolithography-Relevant Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reveals Concerns for Less-Studied Functional Groups.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Review
- Evaluations of Sex Differences in Dosimetry in Rats Following Perfluorohexanesulfonamide (PFHxSA) Oral Exposure.Toxics · 2025Article
- Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals tissue-specific transcriptomic changes induced by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio).Journal of hazardous materials · 2025Article
- Complete aqueous defluorination of PFAS in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) by pulsed electrolysis with tailored potential modulation.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Physicochemical Properties of Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Based on Short Fluorocarbon Surfactant-Graft Hydrophilic Functional Groups.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Comprehensive analysis of PFAS presence from environment to plate.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- Assessing the effects of fluorine-free and PFAS-containing firefighting foams on development and behavioral responses using a zebrafish-based platform.Chemosphere · 2024Article
- Exploring the Prospects and Challenges of Fluorine-Free Firefighting Foams (F3) as Alternatives to Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF): A Review.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Surface Science View of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in the Environment.ACS environmental Au · 2024Review
- Maternal PFOS exposure affects offspring development in Nrf2-dependent and independent ways in zebrafish (Danio rerio).Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Comparing the effects of developmental exposure to alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in zebrafish (Danio rerio).Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2024Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Impacts on Morphology, Behavior and Lipid Levels in Zebrafish Embryos.Toxics · 2024Article
- Article
- Plasma concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in pregnancy and breastfeeding duration in Project Viva.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Sunrise of PFAS Replacements: A Perspective on Fluorine-Free Foams.ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDrinking water contamination related to the use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has been documented at hundreds of military bases, airports, and firefighter training facilities. AFFF has historically contained high levels of long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which pose serious health concerns. However, the composition and toxicity of legacy AFFF mixtures are unknown, presenting great uncertainties in risk assessment and affected communities.
objectivesThis study aimed to determine the fluorinated and nonfluorinated chemical composition of a legacy AFFF sample and its toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
methodsA sample of legacy AFFF (3% application formulation, manufactured before 2001) was provided by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to identify PFAS and nonfluorinated compounds, and a commercial laboratory measured 24 PFAS by a modified U.S. EPA Method 537.1. AFFF toxicity was assessed in zebrafish embryos in comparison with four major constituents: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS); perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS); sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (TDS). End points included
resultsWe identified more than 100 PFAS. Of the PFAS detected, PFOS was measured at the highest concentration ( DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this research is the first characterization of the chemical composition and toxicity of legacy AFFF, which has important implications for regulatory toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6470.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.