ArticleAmerican journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council2021
SARS-CoV-2 infection in India bucks the trend: Trained innate immunity?
Article in American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- BCG immunization mitigates SARS-CoV-2 replication in macaques via monocyte efferocytosis and neutrophil recruitment in lungs.JCI insight · 2025Article
- An after-action review of COVID-19 cases and mitigation measures at US Mission India, March 2020-July 2021.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Editorial: Vaccine-induced innate immunity and its role in viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 morbidity in lower versus higher income populations underscores the need to restore lost biodiversity of eukaryotic symbionts.iScience · 2023Review
- Sero-epidemiological survey of SARS-Cov2 in urban slums of a capital city: A cross- sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and its relationship with NOD2 and ubiquitination.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in India bucks the trend: Trained innate immunity?American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2021Article
- Understanding the devastating second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2021Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and breast cancer management: A retrospective observational clinical study from Pakistan.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2021Article
- High infectious disease burden as a basis for the observed high frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in sub-Saharan Africa.AAS open research · 2021Review
- Comparative Analysis of Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 in Countries from the Eastern and the Western World Till March '21.Microbiology insights · 2021Review
- Between a hygiene rock and a hygienic hard place: Avoiding SARS-CoV-2 while needing environmental exposures for immunity.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Review
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1 author.
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic caught the world unawares by its sudden onset in early 2020. Memories of the 1918 Spanish Flu were rekindled raising extreme fear for the virus, but in essence, it was the host and not the virus, which was deciding the outcome of the infection. Age, gender, and preexisting conditions played critical roles in shaping COVID-19 outcome. People of lower socioeconomic strata were disproportionately affected in industrialized countries such as the United States. India, a developing country with more than 1.3 billion population, a large proportion of it being underprivileged and with substandard public health provider infrastructure, feared for the worst outcome given the sheer size and density of its population. Six months into the pandemic, a comparison of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality data between India, the United States, and several European countries, reveal interesting trends. While most developed countries show curves expected for a fast-spreading respiratory virus, India seems to have a slower trajectory. As a consequence, India may have gained on two fronts: the spread of the infection is unusually prolonged, thus leading to a curve that is "naturally flattened"; concomitantly the mortality rate, which is a reflection of the severity of the disease has been relatively low. I hypothesize that trained innate immunity, a new concept in immunology, may be the phenomenon behind this. Biocultural, socioecological, and socioeconomic determinants seem to be influencing the outcome of COVID-19 in different regions/countries of the world.
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