ReviewJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2021
The Perfect Storm: COVID-19 Health Disparities in US Blacks.
Review in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal trends in mortality attributable to atrial fibrillation among adults with acute renal failure in the United States, 1999-2024.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Low Risk, High Stakes: Factors Associated with Low COVID-19 Risk Perception Among Black Chicago Residents.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors Among Underserved Communities in South Carolina: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection heightens the risk of developing HPV-related carcinoma in situ and cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Complement activation and lung injury in Japanese patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Article
- An in-person and technology-implemented holistic health promotion program for older Black adults in low-income communities.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2024Article
- The Importance of Community-Based and Community-Partnered COVID-19 Testing for Reducing Disparities Among African American Populations.Health equity · 2024Review
- Article
- The politics of COVID-19: Differences between U.S. red and blue states in COVID-19 regulations and deaths.Health policy OPEN · 2023Article
- Racial Health Disparities and Black Heterogeneity in COVID-19: A Case Study of Miami Gardens.Journal of applied social science · 2023Article
- Spatial associations of long-term exposure to diesel particulate matter with seasonal and annual mortality due to COVID-19 in the contiguous United States.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Stress, Support, and Length of Diagnosis Among Women Living with HIV/AIDS in the Southern USA, During the COVID-19 Pandemic.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- "International journal of transgender health · 2023Article
- Assessing the role of collectivism and individualism on COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors in the Southeastern United States.PloS one · 2023Article
- Comparison of Long-Term Complications of COVID-19 Illness among a Diverse Sample of Children by MIS-C Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Effects of Race on Acute Kidney Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Individual genetic variability mainly of Proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors, and toll-like receptors dictates pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Spatial Associations of Long-term Exposure to Diesel Particulate Matter with Seasonal and Annual Mortality Due to COVID-19 in the Contiguous United States.Research square · 2022Article
- Demographic and social determinants of cognitive dysfunction following hospitalization for COVID-19.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accounts for over 180,000 deaths in the USA. Although COVID-19 affects all racial ethnicities, non-Hispanic Blacks have the highest mortality rates. Evidence continues to emerge, linking the disproportion of contagion and mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a result of adverse social determinants of health. Yet, genetic predisposition may also play a credible role in disease transmission. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells by interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the receptor molecule angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed on the surface of the target cells, such that polymorphisms and the expression level of ACE2 influence infectivity and consequent pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Genetic polymorphisms in other multiple genes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and interleukin-6, are also closely associated with underlying diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which substantially raise SARS-CoV-2 mortality. However, it is unknown how these genetic polymorphisms contribute to the disparate mortality rates, with or without underlying diseases. Of particular interest is the potential that genetic polymorphisms in these genes may be influencing the disparity of COVID-19 mortality rates in Black communities. Here, we review the evidence that biological predisposition for high-risk comorbid conditions may be relevant to our ability to fully understand and therefore address health disparities of COVID-19 deaths in Blacks.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.