ArticleInflammation2021
Substance P Mediates Estrogen Modulation Proinflammatory Cytokines Release in Intervertebral Disc.
Article in Inflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Impact of Menopause and Associated Hormonal Changes on Spine Health in Older Females: A Review.Cells · 2026Review
- What a pain in the back: etiology, diagnosis and future treatment directions for discogenic low back pain.Bone research · 2025Review
- Review
- Effect and Mechanism of Aloin in Ameliorating Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Discogenic Low Back Pain: Anatomic and Pathophysiologic Characterization, Clinical Evaluation, Biomarkers, AI, and Treatment Options.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Cellular and Molecular Roles of Immune Cells in the Gut-Brain Axis in Migraine.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- The pathogenesis and targeted therapies of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by cartilage endplate inflammation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- The Role of Sex Hormones in Degenerative Disc Disease.Global spine journal · 2023Review
- Low back pain and osteoarthritis pain: a perspective of estrogen.Bone research · 2023Review
- Oestrogen and Vibration Improve Intervertebral Disc Cell Viability and Decrease Catabolism in Bovine Organ Cultures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Long-term whole-body vibration induces degeneration of intervertebral disc and facet joint in a bipedal mouse model.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Development of a Novel Inflammatory-Associated Gene Signature and Immune Infiltration Patterns in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- TNF-α-stimulated nucleus pulposus cells induce cell apoptosis through the release of exosomal miR-16 targeting IGF-1 and IGF-1R in rats.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- CGRP Regulates Nucleus Pulposus Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation via the MAPK/NF-Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. A close relationship exists between inflammation and pain. Estrogen can affect inflammation and may play a crucial role in IDD and pain. Substance P (SP) can also regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intervertebral disc (IVD). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of SP in estrogen regulation of IDD. Nine-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were divided into four groups as follows: sham surgery (sham), ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomy plus estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) group (OVX+E2), and ovariectomy, ERT plus neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) agonist (OVX+E2+G). Serum E2, body, and uterus weight were recorded. Immunohistochemistry study and quantitative real-time PCR were used for SP, NK1R, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α examination and comparison in IVD at protein and gene levels. After OVX, the gene and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SP, and NK1R in NP cells significantly increased compared with the sham group. ERT can reverse these impacts. ERT plays anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic roles in IDD of OVX mice. The estrogen-induced changes of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, are significantly inhibited by NK1R agonists. SP may be a mediator of estrogen regulating pro-inflammatory factors in IDD. Estrogen may affect IVD inflammation through two ways: one is to directly affect the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the other is by means of modulation of SP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.