ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2020
A Rapid Electronic Cognitive Assessment Measure for Multiple Sclerosis: Validation of Cognitive Reaction, an Electronic Version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- eHealth tools to assess the neurological function for research, in absence of the neurologist - a systematic review, part I (software).Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Temporally Defined Brain Network Activation Associated With Slowed Information Processing Speed in Multiple Sclerosis.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Review
- Large-scale online assessment uncovers a distinct Multiple Sclerosis subtype with selective cognitive impairment.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Plateau of practice effects and noise with repeat SDMT testing in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Differential Validity in the Written, Oral, and Electronic SDMT in Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Development and validation of an electronic Symbol-Digit Modalities Test for remote monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Disease-modifying therapy initiation patterns in multiple sclerosis in three large MS populations.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Article
- Patient-reported outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a prospective registry cohort study.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Neuropsychological evaluation and rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (NEuRoMS): protocol for a mixed-methods, multicentre feasibility randomised controlled trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Digital Phenotyping in Clinical Neurology.Seminars in neurology · 2022Article
- Assessing Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis With Digital Tools: Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Observational
- Digital Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncorporating cognitive testing into routine clinical practice is a challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS), given the wide spectrum of both cognitive and physical impairments people can have and the time that testing requires. Shortened paper and verbal assessments predominate but still are not used routinely. Computer-based tests are becoming more widespread; however, changes in how a paper test is implemented can impact what exactly is being assessed in an individual. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is one validated test that forms part of the cognitive batteries used in MS and has some computer-based versions. We developed a tablet-based SDMT variant that has the potential to be ultimately deployed to patients' own devices.
objectiveThis paper aims to develop, validate, and deploy a computer-based SDMT variant, the Cognition Reaction (CoRe) test, that can reliably replicate the characteristics of the paper-based SDMT.
methodsWe carried out analysis using Pearson and intraclass correlations, as well as a Bland-Altman comparison, to examine consistency between the SDMT and CoRe tests and for test-retest reliability. The SDMT and CoRe tests were evaluated for sensitivity to disability levels and age. A novel metric in CoRe was found: question answering velocity could be calculated. This was evaluated in relation to disability levels and age for people with MS and compared with a group of healthy control volunteers.
resultsSDMT and CoRe test scores were highly correlated and consistent with 1-month retest values. Lower scores were seen in patients with higher age and some effect was seen with increasing disability. There was no learning effect evident. Question answering velocity demonstrated a small increase in speed over the 90-second duration of the test in people with MS and healthy controls.
conclusionsThis study validates a computer-based alternative to the SDMT that can be used in clinics and beyond. It enables accurate recording of elements of cognition relevant in MS but offers additional metrics that may offer further value to clinicians and people with MS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.