ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2020
Administration of all-trans retinoic acid after experimental traumatic brain injury is brain protective.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- CSF1R and IL1R1 inhibitors synergistically attenuate the early pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury in mice.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Neuromelanin-induced cellular stress and neurotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Protease-activated receptor 4 deficiency increases mortality, intracranial bleeding, and blood-brain barrier impairment following traumatic brain injury in mice.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- The border-associated macrophage marker MRC1 contributes to an early neuroprotective inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury in mice.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Endothelial Dysfunctions in Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer's Disease: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapies.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Selective neuronal expression of progranulin is sufficient to provide neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects after traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Sortilin is dispensable for secondary injury processes following traumatic brain injury in mice.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Brain-Bone Crosstalk in a Murine Polytrauma Model Promotes Bone Remodeling but Impairs Neuromotor Recovery and Anxiety-Related Behavior.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Oxidative Stress and Cerebral Vascular Tone: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Editorial: The role of retinoic acid signaling in maintenance and regeneration of the CNS: from mechanisms to therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- An In Silico Analysis Reveals Sustained Upregulation of Neuroprotective Genes in the Post-Stroke Human Brain.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Early DNase-I therapy delays secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury in adult mice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Phosphatidylethanolamine Deficiency and Triglyceride Overload in Perilesional Cortex Contribute to Non-Goal-Directed Hyperactivity after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Hippocampal Expression of Cytochrome P450 1B1 in Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Synthetic Retinoids Beyond Cancer Therapy.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2022Review
- The role of Serpina3n in the reversal effect of ATRA on dexamethasone-inhibited osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Article
- Amelioration of the abnormal phenotype of a new L1 syndrome mouse mutation with L1 mimetics.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Retinoic acid treatment recruits macrophages and increases axonal regeneration after optic nerve injury in the frog Rana pipiens.PloS one · 2021Article
- Microenvironmental Variations After Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeAll-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A metabolite, important in the developing and mature brain. Pre-injury ATRA administration ameliorates ischaemic brain insults in rodents. This study examined the effects of post-traumatic ATRA treatment in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Male adult mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI or sham procedure and killed at 7 or 30 days post-injury (dpi). ATRA (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) was given immediately after the injury and 1, 2 and 3 dpi. Neurological function and sensorimotor coordination were evaluated. Brains were processed for (immuno-) histological, mRNA and protein analyses (qPCR and western blot). KEY
resultsATRA treatment reduced brain lesion size, reactive astrogliosis and axonal injury at 7 dpi, and hippocampal granule cell layer (GCL) integrity was protected at 7 and 30 dpi, independent of cell proliferation in neurogenic niches and blood-brain barrier damage. Neurological and motor deficits over time and the brain tissue loss at 30 dpi were not affected by ATRA treatment. ATRA decreased gene expression of markers for damage-associated molecular pattern (HMGB1), apoptosis (caspase-3 and Bax), activated microglia (TSPO), and reactive astrogliosis (GFAP, SerpinA3N) at 7 dpi and a subset of markers at 30 dpi (TSPO, GFAP). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: In experimental TBI, post-traumatic ATRA administration exerted brain protective effects, including long-term protection of GCL integrity, but did not affect neurological and motor deficits. Further investigations are required to optimize treatment regimens to enhance ATRA's brain protective effects and improve outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.