ArticleChinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu2020
Integration of stereotactic radiosurgery or whole brain radiation therapy with immunotherapy for treatment of brain metastases.
Article in Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory metastatic disease: results from a large multicenter real-world cohort study.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Sustained complete response to TMEp-CI-M platform in refractory small-cell lung cancer with brainstem metastasis: a case report with over 20 months of disease-free survival.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive review.World journal of radiology · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy and its synergistic translational potential with immunotherapy.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Radionecrosis mimicking pseudo‑progression in a patient with lung cancer and brain metastasis following the combination of anti‑PD‑1 therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery: A case report.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Article
- A review of neurotoxicities associated with immunotherapy and a framework for evaluation.Neuro-oncology advances · 2021Article
- A phase I trial of sorafenib with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in breast cancer patients with brain metastases and a correlative study of FLT-PET brain imaging.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prognosis of brain metastases (BM) is traditionally poor. BM are mainly treated by local radiotherapy, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Recently, immunotherapy (i.e., immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICI) has demonstrated a survival advantage in multiple malignancies commonly associated with BM. Individually, radiotherapy and ICI both treat BM efficiently; hence, their combination seems logical. In this review, we summarize the existing preclinical and clinical evidence that supports the applicability of radiotherapy as a sensitizer of ICI for BM. Further, we discuss the optimal timing at which radiotherapy and ICI should be administered and review the safety of the combination therapy. Data from a few clinical studies suggest that combining SRS or WBRT with ICI simultaneously rather than consecutively potentially enhances brain abscopal-like responses and survival. However, there is a lack of conclusion about the definition of "simultaneous"; the cumulative toxic effect of the combined therapies also requires further study. Thus, ongoing and planned prospective trials are needed to further explore and validate the effect, safety, and optimal timing of the combination of immunotherapy with radiotherapy for patients with BM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.