ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2020
Unique expansion of IL-21+ Tfh and Tph cells under control of ICOS identifies Sjögren's syndrome with ectopic germinal centres and MALT lymphoma.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research landscape and emerging trends of tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Composition and regulation of the immune microenvironment of salivary gland in Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Beyond B cell helpers: diverse roles of peripheral helper T cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- [Pathophysiological aspects of primary Sjögren's disease : From epithelial activation to systemic autoimmunity].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Review
- Regulation of Tph cell differentiation via farnesoid X receptor of dendritic cells in inflammatory bowel disease.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Cytokine Networks and Clinical Heterogeneity in Sjögren's Disease: From Glandular Inflammation to Therapeutic Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Identification of a shared antigen linking CD4Science advances · 2026Article
- Inflammation-Driven Lymphoid Structures: Organization, Function, and Clinical Impact Across Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Checkpoint Toxicity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Proceedings of the 2Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Analysis of CCR9, CXCR5 and ICOS in Circulating Follicular Helper T Cell-like Populations in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Deciphering the molecular landscape of Sjögren's disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and thyroid cancer: unraveling the complexities of disease mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- The CNS Meninges and the Synovial Joint: Parallel Immunological Structures in Autoimmune Disease.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Not Only Follicular Helper T-Cells but Also Peripheral Helper T-Cells Expanded Correlate With Disease Severity and B-Cell Differentiation in Graves' Disease.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal orchestration of the salivary gland immune microenvironment in Sjögren's disease: a multidimensional framework of epithelial licensing, lymphoid neogenesis, and stromal remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis of renal involvement in primary Sjögren's disease: convergence of multifactorial mechanisms on immune dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Circulating peripheral helper T cells are expanded and associate with disease activity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- CD8+ T cell depletion promotes human Tph/Tfh cell proliferation and Sjögren syndrome-like symptoms in PBMC-based humanized mice.JCI insight · 2025Article
- CD11c+ Tbet+ B cells constrain obesity- and vaccination-induced germinal center B cells and T helper cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Routine interventions failed to provide survival benefits for early-stage major salivary gland marginal zone lymphoma in a population-based analysis.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- Comparative single-cell and spatial profiling of anti-SSA-positive and anti-centromere-positive Sjögren's disease reveals common and distinct immune activation and fibroblast-mediated inflammation.Nature communications · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo explore the relevance of T-follicular-helper (Tfh) and pathogenic peripheral-helper T-cells (Tph) in promoting ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) and B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas (MALT-L) in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients.
methodsSalivary gland (SG) biopsies with matched peripheral blood were collected from four centres across the European Union. Transcriptomic (microarray and quantitative PCR) analysis, FACS T-cell immunophenotyping with intracellular cytokine detection, multicolor immune-fluorescence microscopy and
resultsTranscriptomic analysis in SG identified Tfh-signature, interleukin-21 (IL-21) and the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) costimulatory pathway as the most upregulated genes in ELS+SS patients, with parotid MALT-L displaying a 400-folds increase in IL-21 mRNA. Peripheral CD4
conclusionsOverall, these findings highlight Tfh and Tph-cells, IL-21 and the ICOS costimulatory pathway as key pathogenic players in SS immunopathology and exploitable therapeutic targets in SS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.