ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2020
Assessment of the quality of end-of-life care: translation and validation of the German version of the "Care of the Dying Evaluation" (CODE-GER) - a questionnaire for bereaved relatives.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating quality of care for dying patients from the perspective of bereaved relatives: validation of the Chinese version of the international care of the dying evaluation.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- Translation and psychometric validation of the Persian Care Evaluation Scale-2 short version in bereaved family members of cancer patients.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2025Article
- Translation and cultural adaptation of the Chinese version of the International 'Care Of the Dying Evaluation' (CODE™) tool for assessing the quality of care for dying patients from the perspective of bereaved family members.BMC palliative care · 2025Article
- Non-kin caregivers of terminally ill people: Contributions, experiences, and needs: A protocol for a mixed-methods study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Specialist palliative care until the very end of life - reports of family caregivers and the multiprofessional team.BMC palliative care · 2023Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Quality of Dying and Death for Adult Family Members of ICU Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- National strategy for palliative care of severely ill and dying people and their relatives in pandemics (PallPan) in Germany - study protocol of a mixed-methods project.BMC palliative care · 2022Article
- Good Quality Care for Cancer Patients Dying in Hospitals, but Information Needs Unmet: Bereaved Relatives' Survey within Seven Countries.The oncologist · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInternational studies indicate deficits in end-of-life care that can lead to distress for patients and their next-of-kin. The aim of the study was to translate and validate the "Care of the Dying Evaluation" (CODE) into German (CODE-GER).
methodsTranslation according to EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) guidelines was followed by data collection to evaluate psychometric properties of CODE-GER. Participants were next-of-kin of patients who had died an expected death in two hospitals. They were invited to participate at least eight, but not later than 16 weeks after the patient's death. To calculate construct validity, the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS) was assessed. Difficulty and perceived strain of answering the questionnaire were assessed by a numeric scale (0-10).
resultsOut of 1137 next-of-kin eligible, 317 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 27.9%). Data from 237 main sample participants, 38 interraters and 55 next-of-kin who participated for repeated measurement were analysed. Overall internal consistency, α = 0.86, interrater reliability, ICC (1) = 0.79, and retest-reliability, ICC (1, 2) = 0.85, were good. Convergent validity between POS and CODE-GER, r = -.46, was satisfactory. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation showed a 7-factor solution. Difficulty, M = 2.2; SD ± 2.4, and perceived strain, M = 4.1; SD ± 3.0, of completing the questionnaire were rather low.
conclusionThe results from the present study confirm CODE-GER as a reliable and valid instrument to assess the quality of care of the dying person. More over our study adds value to the original questionnaire by proposing a deepened analysis of obtained data. The development of seven subscales increases its potential for further surveys and research.
trial registrationThis study was registered retrospectively on the 25th of January 2018 at the German Clinical Trials Register ( DRKS00013916 ).
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