ArticleBMC cancer2020
Combined and interaction effect of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and smoking on lung cancer: a case-control study in Southeast China.
Article in BMC cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and prognosis in lung cancer patients: a prospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Insights into the Two Most Common Cancers of Primitive Gut-Derived Structures and Their Microbial Connections.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Dark under the Lamp: Neglected Biological Pollutants in the Environment Are Closely Linked to Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Longitudinal analysis of quality of life in primary lung cancer patients with chlamydia pneumoniae infection: a time-to-deterioration model.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- An Overview of Selected Bacterial Infections in Cancer, Their Virulence Factors, and Some Aspects of Infection Management.Biology · 2023Review
- Lung cancer risk and exposure to air pollution: a multicenter North China case-control study involving 14604 subjects.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Bacterial Infections and Cancer: Exploring This Association And Its Implications for Cancer Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Assessment of the Association of Chlamydia e pneumoniae Infection with Lung Cancer in a Moroccan Patients' Cohort.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Microbial infections as potential risk factors for lung cancer: Investigating the role of human papillomavirus and chlamydia pneumoniae.AIMS public health · 2023Article
- Chlamydia pneumoniae infections and development of lung cancer: systematic review.Infectious agents and cancer · 2022Review
- Exploration of the Potential Link, Hub Genes, and Potential Drugs for Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Lung Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis case-control study investigated the role of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and the combined and interaction effect of Cpn infection, smoking, and various environmental factors.
methodsThe study comprised 449 lung cancer patients and 512 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants provided a 5 ml fasting peripheral venous blood sample for testing Cpn-specific IgG and IgA by using micro-immunofluorescence. Besides analyzing the associations between Cpn and lung cancer, combined effect analysis, logistic regression, and the Excel table made by Andersson were used to analyze the combined and interaction effects of Cpn and environmental factors on lung cancer.
resultsCompared to those with no evidence of serum Cpn IgA or Cpn IgG, those with both Cpn IgG+ and IgA+ had 2.00 times the risk (95% CI: 1.34-3.00) of developing lung cancer. Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer among smokers; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.10-2.91) and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.38-3.72), respectively. Those exposed to passive smoking with Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ also showed an increased risk of lung cancer; the adjusted OR was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.20-2.77) or 1.87 (95% CI: 1.22-2.87), respectively. Similar results were also observed among alcohol drinkers. Multiplicative and additive interactions were not observed between Cpn infection and environmental factors. The combined effects of Cpn IgG+ or IgA+ with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer on lung cancer were determined.
conclusionCpn infection is potentially associated with primary lung cancer in the Chinese Han population and has combined effects with smoking, passive smoking, and family history of cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.