ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2021
Complement component C4 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with schizophrenia.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Complement component C4 regulates amyloid pathology and glial reactivity in mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Schizophrenia Spectrum Biomarkers Consortium: Establishment of a Biorepository for the Discovery of Quantitative Fluid Biomarkers.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Synaptic dysfunction and adaptation after NMDA receptor ablation in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Divergence of C4A and C4B in first-episode psychosis: Insights from CSF and plasma immune profiling.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Structural and Functional Analysis of Porcine CR1-like Proteins in C4b-Mediated Immune Responses.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of olanzapine on changes in serum complement factors levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Differential gene expression study in whole blood identifies candidate genes for psychosis in African American individuals.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- Complement C4 exacerbates astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and promotes α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Complement system dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: evidence for altered C1q and C3 levels (complement system dysfunction in ASD).Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Soluble terminal complement complex blood levels are elevated in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- The correlates of neonatal complement component 3 and 4 protein concentrations with a focus on psychiatric and autoimmune disorders.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Microglia Modulate Neurodevelopment in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association of elevated levels of peripheral complement components with cortical thinning and impaired logical memory in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Improving our Understanding of Early Psychosis: Learning from the Optimise Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of complement component 4A is increased in first episode schizophrenia.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Association of complement component 4 with neuroimmune abnormalities in the subventricular zone in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.Neurobiology of disease · 2022Article
- Deregulation of complement components C4A and CSMD1 peripheral expression in first-episode psychosis and links to cognitive ability.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Schizophrenia risk loci from xMHC region were associated with antipsychotic response in chronic schizophrenic patients with persistent positive symptom.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Effects of age, amyloid, sex, andAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Abnormalities in the complement system have been described in patients with schizophrenia, with those individuals having greater frequency of complement component 4A (C4A) alleles and higher C4A transcript levels in postmortem brain tissue. Importantly, abnormalities in C4A and other complement molecules have been associated with synaptic pruning abnormalities that occur during neurodevelopment. A few studies have investigated C4 levels in living patients with schizophrenia, but all of them did so using peripheral blood samples. No studies have examined C4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), presumably a better biofluid choice given its intimate contact with the brain. Therefore, we report for the first time on C4 levels in CSF and plasma of patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we obtained CSF in 32 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 32 healthy volunteers and peripheral blood samples in 33 SSD and 31 healthy volunteers. C4 levels were measured using Abcam ELISA assays. Univariate analysis did not show a statistically significant difference in CSF C4 values between groups. However, a multivariable analysis showed a statistically significant increase in CSF C4 levels between groups after adjusting for sex and age. We also observed a high correlation between CSF C4 levels and age. By contrast, plasma C4 levels were not significantly different between groups. CSF and plasma C4 levels were not significantly correlated. Therefore, the use of CSF samples is critical and should be complementary to the use of peripheral blood samples to allow for a comprehensive understanding of complement C4 abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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