ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2020
Trends in stimulant dispensing by age, sex, state of residence, and prescriber specialty - United States, 2014-2019.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on peripheral endocannabinoid concentrations: a study in healthy adults.Psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Driving performance and ocular activity following acute administration of 10 mg methylphenidate: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Opioid and Stimulant Coprescriptions among South Carolina Residents.Southern medical journal · 2026Article
- Examining Increased Ritalin and Adderall Use Among Low-Income People Who Use Drugs: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Parent Perspectives on Barriers to Behavioral Health Services for Children With ADHD.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- The exponential increase in the number of prescriptions for ADHD medication between 2012 and 2022 in Poland in patients aged 5-59 years: a pharmacoepidemiological study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Methylphenidate exposure alters brain gene expression and induces transgenerational DNA methylation changes in Poecilia reticulata guppies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beyond attention: methylphenidate reduces dishonesty in healthy adults.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic differences in knowledge, perceptions, and intentions regarding stimulant misuse: A theory-informed national cross-sectional survey.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the response to treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Endocrine modulation of stimulant use: bidirectional interactions within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Article
- Content Analysis of the Portrayal of Prescription Stimulants on TikTok.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Prevalence of pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and prescription stimulant misuse: A national study of US college students.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Observational
- Trends in Prescription of Stimulants and Narcoleptic Drugs in Switzerland: Longitudinal Health Insurance Claims Analysis for the Years 2014-2021.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Effects of different exercise modalities on pediatric and adolescent populations with developmental disorders: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Self-rated costs and benefits of conventional and alternative adult ADHD treatments.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nationwide trends in the use of ADHD medications in the period 2006-2022: a study from the Norwegian prescription database.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Stimulant Therapy and Prescription Drug Misuse During Transition to Young Adulthood.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStimulant medications are commonly prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; however, they also have high potential for diversion and misuse. We estimated national stimulant dispensing trends from 2014 to 2019 and differences in dispensing by age, sex, state, prescriber specialty, payor type, patient copay, and stimulant type.
methodsWe calculated rates of stimulant dispensing using IQVIA National Prescription Audit (NPA) New to Brand, NPA Regional, and NPA Extended Insights data, which provide dispensing estimates from approximately 49,900 pharmacies representing 92 % of prescriptions dispensed in the United States. Average annual percent change (AAPC) from 2014 to 2019 was analyzed using Joinpoint regression.
resultsFrom 2014 to 2019, the national annual rate of stimulant dispensing increased significantly from 5.6 to 6.1 prescriptions per 100 persons. Rates differed by prescription stimulant type, with increases occurring among both amphetamine-type stimulants and long-acting stimulants. Rates among females (AAPC = 3.6 %; P = 0.001) and adults aged 20-39 years (AAPC=6.7 %; P = 0.002), 40-59 years (AAPC=9.7 %; P < 0.001), and ≥60 years (AAPC = 6.9 %; P = 0.001) increased significantly during the study period. Stimulant dispensing rates varied substantially across states, ranging from 1.0 per 100 in Hawaii to 13.6 per 100 in Alabama.
conclusionsNational stimulant dispensing rates increased from 2014 to 2019, driven by notable increases among females and adults aged ≥20 years. These trends should be considered when prescribing stimulants given growing concerns over prescription stimulant diversion, misuse, and related health harms.
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