ArticleNeuroImage. Clinical2020
Spinal cord atrophy in a primary progressive multiple sclerosis trial: Improved sample size using GBSI.
Article in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between ventricular boundary shift integral and composite cognitive domains across the alzheimer's disease continuum.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Optimization of cervical cord atrophy measurement using a real-world, multicentre dataset in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The ocrelizumab wearing-off phenomenon is associated with reduced immunomodulatory response and increased neuroaxonal damage in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Spinal cord evaluation in multiple sclerosis: clinical and radiological associations, present and future.Brain communications · 2024Review
- How does Nogo receptor influence demyelination and remyelination in the context of multiple sclerosis?Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients : Review.Clinical neuroradiology · 2022Review
- Advanced spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis: Current techniques and future directions.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Review
- Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Early Markers of Upper Cervical Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Multiple sclerosis international · 2021Article
- Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, Future.Brain sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to evaluate the implications for clinical trial design of the generalised boundary-shift integral (GBSI) for spinal cord atrophy measurement.
methodsWe included 220 primary-progressive multiple sclerosis patients from a phase 2 clinical trial, with baseline and week-48 3DT1-weighted MRI of the brain and spinal cord (1 × 1 × 1 mm
resultsDepending on the spinal cord segment, we included 67.4-98.1% patients for CSA measurements, and 66.9-84.2% for GBSI. Spinal cord atrophy measurements obtained with GBSI had lower measurement variability, than corresponding CSA. Looking at the image noise floor, the lowest median standard deviation of the MRI signal within the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord was found on brain MRI at the C1-2 level. Spinal cord atrophy derived from brain MRI was related to the corresponding measures from dedicated spinal cord MRI, more strongly for GBSI than CSA. Spinal cord atrophy measurements using GBSI, but not CSA, were associated with upper and lower limb motor progression. DISCUSSION: Notwithstanding the reduced measurement variability, the clinical correlates, and the possibility of using brain acquisitions, spinal cord atrophy using GBSI should remain a secondary outcome measure in MS studies, until further advancements increase the quality of acquisition and reliability of processing.
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