Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2021
Comparative studies of urolithins and their phase II metabolites on macrophage and neutrophil functions.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tormentil Rhizome Ethanolic Extract and Its Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites: Modulation of Tight Junction Integrity and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Caco-2 Cells.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Urolithin A: A Novel Postbiotic for inflammation, aging, and cancer: A Journey from Dietary ellagitannins to clinical use.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Metabolic fate of rambutan (Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Urolithins in clinical translation: from gut microbial metabolites to precision interventions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Postbiotics: Multifunctional Microbial Products Transforming Animal Health and Performance.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytokine-Modulating Activity of Tormentil Rhizome Extract and Its Microbial Metabolites in Human Immune Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation and comparison of the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of urolithin A and urolithin B against esophageal cancer cells: an in vitro and in silico study.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Urolithin as a Metabolite of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid from Fruits and Nuts Produced by the Gut Microbiota: Its Role on Non-Communicable Diseases.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Systemic Inflammation and the Inflammatory Context of the Colonic Microenvironment Are Improved by Urolithin A.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Urolithin-C Suppresses Inflammation by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Increased Glycolytic Activity Is Part of Impeded M1(LPS) Macrophage Polarization in the Presence of Urolithin A.Planta medica · 2024Article
- Article
- Urolithin A in Health and Diseases: Prospects for Parkinson's Disease Management.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Ellagic Acid and Polyphenols ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Interplay between Phytochemicals and the Colonic Microbiota.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Preventive and Therapeutic Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Impact of Ellagitannins and Their Metabolites through Gut Microbiome on the Gut Health and Brain Wellness within the Gut-Brain Axis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Review
- Urolithin B suppressed osteoclast activation and reduced bone loss of osteoporosis via inhibiting ERK/NF-κB pathway.Cell proliferation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEllagitannins are high molecular weight polyphenols present in high quantities in various food products. They are metabolized by human and animal gut microbiota to postbiotic metabolites-urolithins, bioavailable molecules of a low molecular weight. Following absorption in the gut, urolithins rapidly undergo phase II metabolism. Thus, to fully evaluate the mechanisms of their biological activity, the in vitro studies should be conducted for their phase II conjugates, mainly glucuronides. The aim of the study was to comparatively determine the influence of urolithin A, iso-urolithin A, and urolithin B together with their respective glucuronides on processes associated with the inflammatory response.
methodsThe urolithins obtained by chemical synthesis or isolation from microbiota cultures were tested with their respective glucuronides isolated from human urine towards modulation of inflammatory response in THP-1-derived macrophages, RAW 264.7 macrophages, PBMCs-derived macrophages, and primary neutrophils.
resultsUrolithin A was confirmed to be the most active metabolite in terms of LPS-induced inflammatory response inhibition (TNF-α attenuation, IL-10 induction). The observed strong induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation has been postulated as the mechanism of its action. None of the tested glucuronide conjugates was active in terms of pro-inflammatory TNF-α inhibition and anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β1 induction.
conclusionComparative studies of the most abundant urolithins and their phase II conjugates conducted on human and murine immune cells unambiguously confirmed urolithin A to be the most active metabolite in terms of inhibition of the inflammatory response. Phase II metabolism was shown to result in the loss of urolithins' pharmacological properties.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.