ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2021
The Enduring Health Consequences of Combat Trauma: a Legacy of Chronic Disease.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A unifying theory of brain signaling and its possible role in acquired chronic disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Comparison of Racial and Ethnic Mortality Disparities among Post-9/11 Veterans with and without Traumatic Brain Injury to the Total U.S. Adult Population.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Major trauma and comorbidity: a scoping review.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- Observational
- Relationship between combat-related traumatic injury and ultrashort term heart rate variability in a UK military cohort: findings from the ADVANCE study.BMJ military health · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Relationship between combat-related traumatic injury and its severity to predicted cardiovascular disease risk: ADVANCE cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of persistent pain with the incidence of chronic conditions following a disabling work-related injury.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2023Article
- Differences in quality-of-life scores across injury categories by mental health status among injured U.S. military service members and veterans.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury as a Potential Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus in the Veteran Population.Cureus · 2022Review
- Association of Traumatic Brain Injury With Mortality Among Military Veterans Serving After September 11, 2001.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA better understanding of the long-term health effects of combat injury is important for the management of veterans' health in the Department of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) health care systems and may have implications for primary care management of civilian trauma patients.
objectiveTo determine the impact of traumatic injury on the subsequent development of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary artery disease (CAD) after adjustment for sociodemographic, health behavior, and mental health factors.
designRetrospective cohort study of current and former US military personnel with data obtained from both the DoD and VA health care systems.
participantsCombat injured (n = 8727) service members between 1 February 2002 and 14 June 2016 randomly selected from the DoD Trauma Registry matched 1:1 based on year of birth, sex, and branch of service to subjects that deployed to a combat zone but were not injured. MAIN MEASURES: Traumatic injury, stratified by severity, compared with no documented injury. Diagnoses of HTN, DM, and CAD defined by International Classification of Diseases 9th or 10th Revision Clinical Modification codes. KEY
resultsAfter adjustment, severe traumatic injury was significantly associated with HTN (HR 2.78, 95% CI 2.18-3.55), DM (HR 4.45, 95% CI 2.15-9.18), and CAD (HR 4.87, 95% CI 2.11-11.25), compared with no injury. Less severe injury was associated with HTN (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.24) and CAD (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11-2.37).
conclusionsSevere traumatic injury is associated with the subsequent development of HTN, DM, and CAD. These findings have profound implications for the primary care of injured service members in both the DoD/VA health systems and may be applicable to civilian trauma patients as well. Further exploration of pathophysiologic, health behavior, and mental health changes after trauma is warranted to guide future intervention strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.