ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2021
Current concepts of the diagnosis of adult growth hormone deficiency.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-dose glucocorticoid treatment vs. glucocorticoid replacement in immune checkpoint inhibitor associated hypophysitis (CORTICI): an open, randomised controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of acute arginine supplementation on neuroendocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and mood outcomes in younger men: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity Profile of Lonapegsomatropin During Long-Term Treatment in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Insulin Tolerance Test in Adult GH Deficiency: An Exploratory Study Deriving BMI-Dependent Cut-Offs Using a Clinical Reference Standard.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- GH Stimulation testing is unnecessary in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease, preserved pituitary function, and IGF-I SDS ≥ 0.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Utility of Postoperative Thyroid Hormone Levels in Predicting the Diagnosis of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Pilot Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- A post-hoc internal validation of arginine-stimulated copeptin cut-offs for diagnosing AVP deficiency (central diabetes insipidus).Pituitary · 2025Article
- Deficiency of Peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating Monooxygenase, a Cause of Sarcopenic Diabetes Mellitus.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Growth hormone and aging: a clinical review.Frontiers in aging · 2025Review
- A 62-Year-Old Man With New-Onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 25 Years After Surgical Remission of Acromegaly.Case reports in endocrinology · 2025Article
- High-coverage targeted lipidomics revealed a novel serum lipid dysregulation profile in adult growth hormone deficiency.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- The association between metabolite profiles and impaired bone microstructure in adult growth hormone deficient rats.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Bone mineral density in adults growth hormone deficiency with different ages of onset: a real-world retrospective study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Role of bisphosphonates in osteoporosis caused by adult growth hormone deficiency.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Review
- Pitfalls in the lab assessment of hypopituitarism.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Brain white matter alterations in young adult male patients with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency: a diffusion tensor imaging study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Pituitary dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury in female athletes.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Medical Costs Associated with High/Moderate/Low Likelihood of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Healthcare Claims Database Analysis.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2024Article
- [Therapeutic effect of recombinant human growth hormone on children with growth hormone deficiency and different pituitary developmental conditions: a prospective study].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In adults, growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with increased visceral adiposity, decreased lean body mass, bone mineral density and exercise capacity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, increased cardiometabolic and fracture risk, and impaired quality of life. The aim of the present article is to review the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults. To avoid overdiagnosis of GH deficiency, it is critical to evaluate only patients at risk for pituitary dysfunction, including those who have had sellar masses, pituitary surgery, radiation therapy, traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage or childhood onset GH deficiency. Evaluation for GH deficiency should be undertaken after testing and replacement of other pituitary hormone deficits. Since GH secretion is pulsatile, measuring serum GH levels randomly is not helpful in establishing the diagnosis of GH deficiency. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels lack substantial diurnal variation but also lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults. However, adults with multiple (≥3) additional pituitary hormone deficiencies, risk factors for hypopituitarism and low serum IGF-I levels are very likely to be GH deficient. In most cases, the diagnosis of GH deficiency requires stimulation testing. These tests involve the administration of a pharmacologic agent that normally stimulates GH release from pituitary somatotrophs, including insulin, glucagon, growth hormone releasing hormone-arginine or macimorelin, followed by sampling of serum specimens at regular intervals for GH assay. Patients with a peak GH level that is below a predetermined cutpoint are classified as GH deficient. A systematic approach to the diagnosis of GH deficiency is essential in order to accurately identify adults who may benefit from GH replacement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.