Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2020
Early Intervention with Lenalidomide in Patients with High-risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with haematological malignancies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- To Treat or Not to Treat: Navigating Early-Stage CLL in the Era of Targeted Therapy.European journal of haematology · 2026Review
- Reasons and consequences of COVID-19 vaccine failure in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.European journal of haematology · 2022Review
- Can Immunocompetence Be Restored in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeInfectious complications constitute a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients respond poorly to vaccines, particularly pneumococcal polysaccharide and influenza vaccines. In addition, patients with genetically high-risk disease are at increased risk for early disease progression and death. Lenalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory agent with demonstrated clinical activity in CLL, can potentially restore immune system dysfunction associated with CLL while improving disease outcomes. PATIENTS AND
methodsPhase II study randomized 49 patients with genetically high-risk CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL; defined as unmutated Ig heavy chain variable region, deletion(17p) or (11q), and/or complex abnormal karyotype], to receive lenalidomide either concurrent (arm A) or sequential to (arm B) two doses of 13-valent protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) administered 2 months apart, in patients not meeting International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia treatment criteria.
resultsFour serotypes (3, 4, 5, 6B) achieved the additional seroprotection definition of a fourfold increase in arm A, and six serotypes (3, 4, 5, 6B, 19A, 19F) in arm B. All patients achieved the defined concentration of 0.35 μg/mL for at least one serotype tested. No significant difference was observed with the addition of lenalidomide. At median time on treatment of 3.6 years, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.1-not reached]. PFS at 1, 2, and 3 years was 85% (95% CI, 72-93), 79% (95% CI, 64-88), and 72% (95% CI, 57-83), respectively.
conclusionsLenalidomide is efficacious with manageable toxicities as an early intervention strategy in patients with high-risk CLL, but did not enhance humoral response to PCV13 vaccine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.