ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2020
Hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method: measuring the spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Measuring Mental Health Service Accessibility for Indigenous Populations: a Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond Spatial Proximity: Optimizing Nursing Home Bed Allocation with a Proposed '4A' Model-Insights from Guangzhou, China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Geographic access as a modifiable determinant of cancer care: perspectives on hub-and-spoke oncology networks, travel burden and time toxicity.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Examining the association between spatial accessibility to emergency cardiac care centers and cardiovascular mortality in Georgia, United States.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Geospatial Visualisation of Distance to General Practitioner Facilities with Population Density Patterns in the United Kingdom.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evidence-Based Planning of High-Complexity Healthcare Networks at National Level: Integrating Mortality Records, Accessibility Metrics, and Facility Location Optimization Models.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026Article
- Bridging the healthcare gap for aging populations: rethinking spatial equity in high-density cities based on the SDMI index.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Spatial disparities in elderly care institution accessibility: integrating real-time navigation data and the elderly's preferences in Fuzhou, China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Informing equitable urban health policy: a multi-source geospatial assessment of spatial mismatch in medical facility distribution across Chinese cities.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mobile signaling big data, healthcare-seeking flows, and multidimensional healthcare access in Shanghai: implications for healthcare supply-demand matching and medical security governance.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Spatial mismatch and hierarchical optimization of healthcare facilities: a multi-source geospatial analysis of accessibility and supply-demand dynamics.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Study on edge villages based on cross-region healthcare-seeking behavior.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Assessing three-decade HIV testing transformation: TOPSIS-radar evaluation of tiered health system performance in rural-urban Southwestern China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Modeling the Impact of Tele-Health on Accessibility and Equity of Medical Resources in Metropolitan Cities in China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimizing nation-wide locations of dialysis centers: a geographic information system-based approach to improve healthcare accessibility and availability.Israel journal of health policy research · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Determinants of Primary Care Access in Virginia.Annals of family medicine · 2025Article
- Extreme geographic misalignment of healthcare resources and HIV treatment deserts in Malawi.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Designing a clustering algorithm for optimizing health station locations.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Article
- Spatial analysis of prehospital emergency medical services accessibility: a comparative evaluation of the GAUSS-probability two-step floating catchment area model in Handan City.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSpatial accessibility to healthcare facilities has drawn much attention in health geography. In China, central and local governments have aimed to develop a well-organized hierarchical system of healthcare facilities in recent years. However, few studies have focused on the measurement of healthcare accessibility in a hierarchical service delivery system, which is crucial for the assessment and implementation of such strategies.
methodsBased on recent improvements in 2SFCA (two-step floating catchment area) method, this study aims to propose a Hierarchical 2SFCA (H2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to hierarchical facilities. The method considers the varied catchment area sizes, distance decay effects, and transport modes for facilities at various levels. Moreover, both the relative and absolute distance effects are incorporated into the accessibility measurement.
resultsThe method is applied and tested in a case study of hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China. The results reveal that the general spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen is unevenly distributed and concentrated. The disparity of general accessibility is largely caused by the concentrated distribution of tertiary hospitals. For facilities at higher levels, average accessibility of demanders is higher, but there are also larger disparities in spatial accessibility. The comparison between H2SFCA and traditional methods reveals that traditional methods underestimate the spatial disparity of accessibility, which may lead to biased suggestions for policy making.
conclusionsThe results suggest that the supply of healthcare resources at primary facilities is far from sufficient. To improve the spatial equity in spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities, various actions are needed at different levels. The proposed H2SFCA method contributes to the modelling of spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in China and similar environments where the referral system has not been well designed. It can also act as the foundation for developing more comprehensive measures in future studies.
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