ArticlePharmaceutics2020
Recycling of Almond By-Products for Intestinal Inflammation: Improvement of Physical-Chemical, Technological and Biological Characteristics of a Dried Almond Skins Extract.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Health-Promoting Potential of Wafers Enriched with Almond Peel.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Almond By-Products: A Comprehensive Review of Composition, Bioactivities, and Influencing Factors.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Green Bioactive By-Product Almond Skin Functional Extract for Developing Nutraceutical Formulations with Potential Antimetabolic Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antioxidant Activity of a Sicilian Almond Skin Extract Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- EudraguardPharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Almond By-Products: Valorization for Sustainability and Competitiveness of the Industry.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Almond (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Use of Almond Skins to Improve Nutritional and Functional Properties of Biscuits: An Example of Upcycling.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlmond skins are rich in bioactive compounds that undergo oxidation/degradation phenomena and are poorly soluble in water, reducing in vivo absorption and bioavailability, factors that influence the pharmacological activity of an active product. We developed a dried acetonic almond skins extract/cyclodextrin complex to improve extract solubility, dissolution rate and biological activity.
methodsA lyophilized acetonic almond skin extract was produced. To optimize complex formulation, phase solubility studies and complex characterization (absorption studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), morphology, solubility studies) were performed. To evaluate a possible use in healthy products, tumor necrosis factor-α levels and reactive oxygen species release, as well as cicloxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in intestinal epithelial cells, were also evaluated.
resultsPhase solubility studies showed a Bs-type profile. A 1:1 dried acetonic almond skins extract/cyclodextrin ratio was able to improve extract water solubility and dissolution rate (100% in 45 min). The UV-Vis spectra of complex revealed a hypsochromic and hyperchromic effect, probably due to a partial inclusion of extract in cyclodextrin cavity through weak bonds, confirmed by DSC and morphology studies. The technological improvement in the extract characteristics also led to better biological activity. In fact, the complex effectively reduces tumor necrosis factor-α levels with respect to the pure extract and significantly inhibits the reactive oxygen species release, even if only at the lower concentration of 5 μg/mL.
conclusionThe complex was able to overcome solubility problems and could be used in inflammatory disease.
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