ReviewThe Journal of hospital infection2020
Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2.
Review in The Journal of hospital infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- How long do bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses retain their replication capacity on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review examining environmental resilience versus healthcare-associated infection risk by "fomite-borne risk assessment".Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Anti-Infective Potential of EF24-Analogous Curcuminoids: Antiprotozoal Activity and HIV-1 Ribonuclease H Inhibition.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Geographical and Ecological Drivers of Zoonotic Viral Spillover: A Review of Emerging and Re-emerging Outbreaks.Cureus · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of environmental persistence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and seasonal coronaviruses.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Is differential cleaning needed for SARS-CoV-2 beyond standard procedures? A systematic review.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Article
- Accurate Estimation of Individual Transmission Rates Through Contact Analytics Using UWB Based Indoor Location Data.International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking : SmartNets. International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking · 2024Article
- Face mask use in the city of Chennai, India: Results from three serial cross-sectional surveys, 2021.PloS one · 2024Article
- Contamination dynamics of personal protective equipment (PPE) by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a makeshift hospital with COVID-19 positive occupants.Infection prevention in practice · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial FeScientific reports · 2023Article
- Risk assessment of banknotes as a fomite of SARS-CoV-2 in cash payment transactions.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Efficacy of detergent-based cleaning and wiping against SARS-CoV-2 on high-touch surfaces.Letters in applied microbiology · 2023Article
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions and risk of COVID-19 infection: survey of U.K. public from November 2020 - May 2021.BMC public health · 2023Observational
- Review
- Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 by Using Transition Metal Nanozeolites and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Antiviral Agents in Suspensions and Soft Fabric Materials.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic new studies are emerging daily providing novel information about sources, transmission risks and possible prevention measures. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on possible sources for SARS-CoV-2, including evaluation of transmission risks and effectiveness of applied prevention measures. Next to symptomatic patients, asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers are a possible source with respiratory secretions as the most likely cause for viral transmission. Air and inanimate surfaces may be sources; however, viral RNA has been inconsistently detected. Similarly, even though SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected on or in personal protective equipment (PPE), blood, urine, eyes, the gastrointestinal tract and pets, these sources are currently thought to play a negligible role for transmission. Finally, various prevention measures such as handwashing, hand disinfection, face masks, gloves, surface disinfection or physical distancing for the healthcare setting and in public are analysed for their expected protective effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.