ReviewJournal of gastroenterology and hepatology2021
COVID-19, nausea, and vomiting.
Review in Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal relationship between COVID-19, vaccination, and 20 digestive diseases: a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Learning from an Emerging Infection: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Reshaped Gastric Cancer Care.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Alpha B.1.1.7 Virus Induced Higher Antibody Responses Than Earlier Non-VOC Variants During the First Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- A comparative clinical features of COVID-19 in Non-elderly adult and elderly populations of Kermanshah province in Iran: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Migraine inhibitor olcegepant reduces weight loss and IL-6 release in SARS-CoV-2-infected older mice with neurological signs.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Migraine and gasdermin D: a new perspective on the inflammatory basis of migraine.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Trend and Co-occurrence Network of COVID-19 Symptoms From Large-Scale Social Media Data: Infoveillance Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- The Effect of Acotiamide on Nausea as a Symptom of Chronic Nausea and Vomiting Syndrome after Coronavirus Disease 2019.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Digestive system infection by SARS‑CoV‑2: Entry mechanism, clinical symptoms and expression of major receptors (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Review
- A qualitative study of Covid-19 effects on nutrition associated problems in recovered patients.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- Suitability of aircraft wastewater for pathogen detection and public health surveillance.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Mechanism and potential treatments for gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with COVID-19.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Hypothesis-Agnostic Network-Based Analysis of Real-World Data Suggests Ondansetron is Associated with Lower COVID-19 Any Cause Mortality.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2022Article
- Review
- The roles of Eph receptors, neuropilin-1, P2X7, and CD147 in COVID-19-associated neurodegenerative diseases: inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential promising therapies.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2022Review
- Covid-19 and Parkinson's disease: Nursing care, vaccination and impact on advanced therapies.International review of neurobiology · 2022Article
- Spotlight on non-motor symptoms and Covid-19.International review of neurobiology · 2022Article
- Treatment paradigms in Parkinson's Disease and Covid-19.International review of neurobiology · 2022Article
- Effects of Lycopene Attenuating Injuries in Ischemia and Reperfusion.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
- The early stage of COVID-19 pandemic: Gastrointestinal manifestations and liver injury in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exclusion of nausea (N) and vomiting (V) from detailed consideration as symptoms of COVID-19 is surprising as N can be an early presenting symptom. We examined the incidence of NV during infection before defining potential mechanisms. We estimate that the overall incidence of nausea (median 10.5%), although variable, is comparable with diarrhea. Poor definition of N, confusion with appetite loss, and reporting of N and/or V as a single entity may contribute to reporting variability and likely underestimation. We propose that emetic mechanisms are activated by mediators released from the intestinal epithelium by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) modulate vagal afferents projecting to the brainstem and after entry into the blood, activate the area postrema (AP) also implicated in anorexia. The receptor for spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin 2 converting enzyme (ACE2), and transmembrane protease serine (for viral entry) is expressed in upper gastrointestinal (GI) enterocytes, ACE2 is expressed on enteroendocrine cells (EECs), and SARS-CoV-2 infects enterocytes but not EECs (studies needed with native EECs). The resultant virus-induced release of epithelial mediators due to exocytosis, inflammation, and apoptosis provides the peripheral and central emetic drives. Additionally, data from SARS-CoV-2 show an increase in plasma angiotensin II (consequent on SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction), a centrally (AP) acting emetic, providing a further potential mechanism in COVID-19. Viral invasion of the dorsal brainstem is also a possibility but more likely in delayed onset symptoms. Overall, greater attention must be given to nausea as an early symptom of COVID-19 and for the insights provided into the GI effects of SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.