ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2020
Age-related decline in executive function as a hallmark of cognitive ageing in primates: an overview of cognitive and neurobiological studies.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Cognitive Intervention Strategies for Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- A Comparative Study of Aging and Cortical Folding in Chimpanzees and Olive Baboons.American journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Retesting reverse-reward performance in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) after 16 years: evidence of aging-related decline.Primates; journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Cognitive tasks show age-related decline over a 10-year period in a natural aging monkey model, cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) · 2026Article
- Analysis of Spatiotemporal Features in a Virtual Navigation Game Across Different Age Groups: Quantitative Research.JMIR serious games · 2026Article
- Age-Related Differences in Short Term Spatial Memory in Rhesus Macaques.American journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Kynurenic acid signaling expands in human and nonhuman primates and impairs dorsolateral prefrontal cortical cognition that is key to mental illness.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mapping and modulating brain dynamics in aging and neurodegeneration with electroencephalography and integrated neurotechnologies in primates.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Age-related molecular and functional remodeling of the choroid plexus in the gray mouse lemur.PloS one · 2026Article
- Heritability of gray matter volume and asymmetry in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and their association to cognitive abilities and tool use.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Article
- Repeated Task Exposure and Sufficient Sleep May Mitigate ADHD-Related Cognitive Flexibility Impairments in Family Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Development and Testing of an Exergaming and Artmaking Program to Enhance Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults: Results of a Community-Based Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex-specific decline in prefrontal cortex mitochondrial bioenergetics in aging baboons correlates with walking speed.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Early Emergence of Metacognition in Rhesus Monkeys.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Lost in Thought or Just Lonely? Everyday Cognitive Competence in Middle Adulthood.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Article
- Cognitive Control.Annual review of psychology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Executive function (EF) is a complex construct that reflects multiple higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, updating, inhibiting and set-shifting. Decline in these functions is a hallmark of cognitive ageing in humans, and age differences and changes in EF correlate with age-related differences and changes in association cortices, particularly the prefrontal areas. Here, we review evidence for age-related decline in EF and associated neurobiological changes in prosimians, New World and Old World monkeys, apes and humans. While EF declines with age in all primate species studied, the relationship of this decline with age-related alterations in the prefrontal cortex remains unclear, owing to the scarcity of neurobiological studies focusing on the ageing brain in most primate species. In addition, the influence of sex, vascular and metabolic risk, and hormonal status has rarely been considered. We outline several methodological limitations and challenges with the goal of producing a comprehensive integration of cognitive and neurobiological data across species and elucidating how ageing shapes neurocognitive trajectories in primates with different life histories, lifespans and brain architectures. Such comparative investigations are critical for fostering translational research and understanding healthy and pathological ageing in our own species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.