ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2021
Firearm suicide mortality among emergency department patients with physical health problems.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpersonal violent injury and subsequent risk of suicide and deliberate self-harm: a register-based national cohort study from Norway, 2010-2018.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Association of medical conditions and firearm suicide among legal handgun purchasers in California: a case-control study.Injury epidemiology · 2023Article
- Physical Health Problems as a Suicide Precipitant: Associations With Other Risk Factors and Suicide Methods in Three Age Groups of Older Decedents.Innovation in aging · 2023Article
- Resampling to address inequities in predictive modeling of suicide deaths.BMJ health & care informatics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIndividuals with poor physical and mental health may face elevated risk for suicide, particularly suicide by firearm.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study used statewide, longitudinally linked emergency department (ED) patient record and mortality data to examine 12-month incidence of firearm suicide among ED patients presenting with a range of physical health problems. Participants included all residents presenting to a California ED in 2009-2013 with nonfatal visits for somatic diagnoses hypothesized to increase suicide risk, including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, cancer, back pain, headache, joint disorder, and injuries. For each patient diagnostic group, we calculated rates of firearm suicide per 100,000 person-years and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) relative to the demographically matched California population.
resultsFirearm suicide rates per 100,000 person-years ranged from 9.6 (among patients presenting with unintentional injury) to 55.1 (patients with cancer diagnoses), with SMRs from 1.48 to 7.45 (all p < 0.05). SMRs for patients with cardiovascular conditions ranged from 2.45 to 5.10. Men and older individuals had higher firearm suicide rates, and there was substantial between-group variability in the proportion of suicide decedents who used a firearm.
conclusionsED patients presenting with deliberate self-harm injuries, substance use, and cancer were especially at risk for firearm suicide. To avoid missed suicide prevention opportunities, EDs should implement evidence-based suicide interventions as a best practice for their patients.
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Registered trials
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