SynthesisClinical psychology review2020
A systematic review of daily life studies on non-suicidal self-injury based on the four-function model.
Synthesis in Clinical psychology review, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Relationship Between Anger and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Meta-Analysis.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Ecological Momentary Assessment of Self-Harm Thoughts and Behaviors: Systematic Review of Constructs From the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model.JMIR mental health · 2024Pooled it
- Mental imagery of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Clinical psychology review · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis on the affect regulation function of real-time self-injurious thoughts and behaviours.Nature human behaviour · 2022Pooled it
- Practices for monitoring and responding to incoming data on self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in intensive longitudinal studies: A systematic review.Clinical psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- An experimental examination of interpersonal problem-solving in nonsuicidal self-injury: A pilot study.Journal of psychiatric research · 2021Trial
- Development and Internal Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Identifying Past-Year Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents With Depression: Retrospective Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Elevated Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism in individuals with active Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) compared with individuals with previous or no NSSI.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Relationship between Shame, Loneliness, and Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Chinese Adolescents.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Examining the role of suicide crisis syndrome between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Dynamic Associations Between Negative Affect, Rumination, and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Daily Life: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatients.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Mapping the Network Structure of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Role of Emotional and Interpersonal Vulnerability and Attachment in Spanish Adolescents.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Long-term retention of intracardiac needle-like foreign bodies without major complications.Kardiochirurgia i torakochirurgia polska = Polish journal of cardio-thoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Effects of experimental ostracism on cortisol, autonomic regulation, and affective states in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Associations of Physical Activity and Psychological Resilience with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Adolescents: A Combined Variable- and Person-Centered Approach.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Between Urges and Actions: Unpacking Affective Dynamics in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury.Behavior therapy · 2026Article
- Psychological correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder: a cross-sectional study to inform mindfulness-based interventions.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Group intervention for non-suicidal self-injury in college students guided by the Process Model of Emotional Regulation: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of shame and guilt in adolescent NSSI: an ambulatory assessment study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cumulative social adversity as a correlate of self harm: Validity of the Reward Probability Index.PloS one · 2026Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent, impairing, and trans-diagnostic behavior that can be comprehensively assessed in daily life studies. We conducted a systematic literature review of 35 Ambulatory Assessment and Daily Diary studies of NSSI, to achieve three aims. First, we reviewed descriptive evidence on NSSI acts. On average, studies observed 1.6 acts per participant, but evidence regarding methods, pain, and context was sparse. Second, we reviewed evidence on NSSI urges. On average, studies reported 4.3 urges per participant. Urges were also associated with increased negative affect and predicted later acts. Third, we reviewed evidence on the Four-function Model of NSSI. Eight studies partially supported negative intrapersonal reinforcement, showing increased negative affect pre NSSI, but, of these, only four studies supported decreased negative affect post NSSI. Additionally, only three studies supported positive intrapersonal reinforcement, showing decreased positive affect pre and increased positive affect post NSSI. Evidence for the interpersonal functions was limited to two studies and inconclusive. We recommend assessing the intensity, frequency, and context of acts and urges, as well as pain and urge duration in future studies. We also recommend follow-up prompts after acts and urges to better track affect trajectories, and a detailed assessment of interpersonal events.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.