SynthesisMetabolism: clinical and experimental2021
Association of body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: A dose-response meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between body mass index and osteoporosis, with consideration of sex differences: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Association of physical weight statuses defined by body mass index (BMI) with molecular subtypes of premenopausal breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Pooled it
- Risk of bias and certainty of evidence on the association between obesity and mortality in patients with SARS-COV-2: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of consuming a Mediterranean style diet on associated COVID-19 severity biomarkers in obese/overweight adults: A systematic review.Nutrition and health · 2022Pooled it
- Association of epicardial adipose tissue with the severity and adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Obesity augments the disease burden in COVID-19: Updated data from an umbrella review.Clinical obesity · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Obesity With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: An Updated Systemic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: an umbrella review approach and meta-analysis of global evidence.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The J-shaped relationship between body mass index and mortality in patients with COVID-19: A dose-response meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of Obesity and Its Impact on Outcome in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 infection and body weight: A deleterious liaison in a J-curve relationship.Obesity research & clinical practicePooled it
- Factors associated with an unfavorable outcome according to age in patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care in mainland France during the first three periods of the pandemic: a nationwide cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Identifying psychiatric morbidity and comorbidity patterns associated with COVID-19 mortality. A register-based cohort study from Catalonia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Elevated risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes among underweight patients in Japan: A national registry-based study.Global health & medicine · 2025Article
- Irisin attenuates SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and cell damage in 2D and 3D cultures of human subcutaneous adipocytes.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Association of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use with COVID-19 Severity and Hospitalization in Patients With and Without Respiratory Disease.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2025Article
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.PloS one · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of Key Risk Factors for Severe Illness Following SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unprecedented health crisis to the entire world. As reported, the body mass index (BMI) may play an important role in COVID-19; however, this still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the association between BMI and COVID-19 severity and mortality.
methodsThe Medline, PubMed, Embase and Web of science were systematically searched until August 2020. Random-effects models and dose-response meta-analysis were used to synthesize the results. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the effect of covariates were analyzed using subgroup analysis and meta-regression analyses.
resultsA total of 16 observational studies involving 109,881 patients with COVID-19 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
conclusionsEvidence from this meta-analysis suggested that a linear dose-response association between BMI and both COVID-19 severity and mortality. Further, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.