ArticleExperimental eye research2020
Hypercytokinemia in COVID-19: Tear cytokine profile in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Article in Experimental eye research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Inflammation of the Airway and Lung in COVID-19 Treatment: A Preclinical and Clinical Meta-Analysis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Pooled it
- Alterations in MicroRNA and Cytokine Expressions in Placental and Amniotic Tissues of COVID-19 Affected Pregnant Women.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Tear-derived extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular and neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Immunity and Coagulation in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Tear Samples for Protein Extraction: Comparative Analysis of Schirmer's Test Strip and Microcapillary Tube Methods.Cureus · 2023Article
- High Expression Levels of miR-21-5p in Younger Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Are Associated with Mortality and Critical Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- VSV-ΔG-Spike Candidate Vaccine Induces Protective Immunity and Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Viruses · 2023Article
- Severe/critical COVID-19 early warning system based on machine learning algorithms using novel imaging scores.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Explanatory predictive model for COVID-19 severity risk employing machine learning, shapley addition, and LIME.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Review on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Recent Progress, Diagnostics, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Clinical Consequences for Individuals Treated with Tocilizumab for Serious COVID-19 Infection.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- An insight into SARS-CoV-2 structure, pathogenesis, target hunting for drug development and vaccine initiatives.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- Evaluating Ocular Symptoms and Tear Film Cytokine Profiles in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Increased proinflammatory cytokines in tears correspond with conjunctival SARS-CoV-2 positivity in symptomatic COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Antiviral activities of 4H-chromen-4-one scaffold-containing flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 using computational andJournal of molecular liquids · 2022Article
- Comparison of laboratory parameters in mildJournal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- Frontline workers: Mediators of mucosal immunity in community acquired pneumonia and COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Interleukin-6 in SARS-CoV-2 induced disease: Interactions and therapeutic applications.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the concentrations of cytokines in tear of hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Tear samples were obtained from 41 healthy controls and 62 COVID-19 patients. Twenty-seven cytokines were assessed: interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor basic, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, interferon gamma-induced protein, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In tear samples of COVID-19 patients, an increase in IL-9, IL-15, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, PDGF and VEGF was observed, along with a decrease in eotaxin compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A poor correlation between IL-6 levels in tear and blood was found. IL-1RA and GM-CSF were significantly lower in severe patients and those who needed treatment targeting the immune system (p < 0.05). Tear cytokine levels corroborate the inflammatory nature of SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
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