ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2021
Basolateral activation with TLR agonists induces polarized cytokine release and reduces barrier function in RPE in vitro.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Porcine Single-Eye Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Culture for Barrier and Polarity Studies.Cells · 2025Article
- Effects of Fucoidans on Activated Retinal Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Co-cultivation of primary porcine RPE cells and neuroretina induces inflammation: a potential inflammatory AMD-model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Comparison of Fucoidans fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Anti-inflammatory properties of antiangiogenic fucoidan in retinal pigment epithelium cells.Heliyon · 2023Article
- FoxP3 expression by retinal pigment epithelial cells: transcription factor with potential relevance for the pathology of age-related macular degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Properties of Cephalopod Skin Ommochromes to Inhibit Free Radicals, and the Maillard Reaction and Retino-Protective Mechanisms in Cellular Models Concerning Oxidative Stress, Angiogenesis, and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Expressed Toll-like Receptors and Their Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSystemic inflammation may be of importance in the development of AMD. RPE cells can recognize danger signals with toll-like receptors (TLR) and may react in a pro-inflammatory manner. In this study, we evaluated the basal and apical secretions of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in primary RPE cells and RPE/choroid explant cells under basolateral stimulation of TLR2, 3, and 4; the effects on barrier function; and their influence on neuronal cell viability.
methodsRPE/choroid tissue explants were prepared from porcine eyes and cultivated in modified Ussing chambers; primary porcine RPE cells on transwell plates. Cells were basally stimulated with agonists Pam2CSK4 (Pam; TLR2), polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; TLR3), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4) for 24 h. Supernatants were evaluated with ELISA for cytokines TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β. Apical supernatants were applied to SHSY-5Y cells, and cell viability was evaluated in MTT assay. Barrier function was tested by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and occludin immunostaining.
resultsNone of the tested TLR agonists was toxic on RPE cells after 24 h of exposure. Unstimulated RPE cells secreted hardly any cytokines. Pam induced IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNFα on the basal and apical sides at all concentrations tested. Poly I:C induced IL-6 and TNFα primarily at the basal side at lower but on both sides at higher concentrations. LPS induced IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNFα apically and basally at all concentrations tested. In the RPE/choroid, a strong difference between apical and basal secretions could be found. IL-6 was constitutively secreted basally, but not apically, but was induced by all agonists on both sides. IL-1ß and TNFα alpha were strongly induced on the basal side by all agonists. TER was reduced by all agonists, with Pam and LPS being effective in all concentrations tested. Occludin expression was unaltered, but the distribution was influenced by the agonists, with a less distinct localization at the cell borders after treatment. None of the agonists or supernatants of treated RPE and RPE/choroid organ cultures exerted any effect on viability of SHSY-5Y cells.
conclusionsDanger signals activating TLRs can induce polarized cytokine expression and contribute to the loss of barrier function in the RPE.
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