Trial reportJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2020
Adoptive transfer of zoledronate-expanded autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in patients with treatment-refractory non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study.
Trial report in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- γδ T cells and cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Vδ1 T-cell subset appears to be responsive to PD-1 blockade therapy and is associated with survival in melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Human serum influences functional plasticity and transcriptomic landscape of γδ T cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- LncRNA B4GALT 1-AS1/miR-144-3p axis suppresses cytotoxicity of CD8Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Disrupting the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors of γδT cells for effective cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Interplay between innate-like T-cells and microRNAs in cancer immunity.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Oleic acid restores the impaired antitumor immunity of γδ-T cells induced by palmitic acid.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Overcoming antigen loss in CAR T therapy with Vγ9Vδ2 CAR T-cells.Immuno-oncology technology · 2025Article
- Gamma delta T cells and their immunotherapeutic potential in cancer.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Review
- Human γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment: Key insights for advancing cancer immunotherapy.Molecules and cells · 2025Review
- γδ T cells as critical anti-tumor immune effectors.Nature cancer · 2024Review
- Evolving insights into the improvement of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy through PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in the clinical spectrum of lung cancer.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exhibit antifungal activity againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Isolation and expansion of pure and functional γδ T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Potential of gamma/delta T cells for solid tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Effective γδ T-cell clinical therapies: current limitations and future perspectives for cancer immunotherapy.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Review
- Local γδ T cells: translating promise to practice in cancer immunotherapy.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- Non-Conventional Allogeneic Anti-BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Based Immune Cell Therapies for Multiple Myeloma Treatment.Cancers · 2023Review
- A close look at current γδ T-cell immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNot all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients possess drug-targetable driver mutations, and response rates to immune checkpoint blockade therapies also remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, more effective treatments are still needed. Here, we report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of adoptive cell therapy using zoledronate-expanded autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells for treatment-refractory NSCLC.
methodsNSCLC patients who had undergone at least two regimens of standard chemotherapy for unresectable disease or had had at least one treatment including chemotherapy or radiation for recurrent disease after surgery were enrolled in this open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study. After preliminary testing of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell proliferation, autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with zoledronate and IL-2 to expand the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Cultured cells (>1×10
resultsTwenty-five patients (20 adenocarcinoma, 4 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 large cell carcinoma) were enrolled. Autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy was administered to all 25 patients, of which 16 completed the foreseen course of 6 injections of cultured cells. Median PFS was 95.0 days (95% CI 73.0 to 132.0 days); median OS was 418.0 days (179.0-479.0 days), and best overall responses were 1 partial response, 16 stable disease (SD) and 8 progressive disease. ORR and DCR were 4.0% (0.1%-20.4%) and 68.0% (46.5%-85.1%), respectively. Severe adverse events developed in nine patients, mostly associated with disease progression. In one patient, pneumonitis and inflammatory responses resulted from Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell infusions, together with the disappearance of a massive tumor.
conclusionsAlthough autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy was well tolerated and may have an acceptable DCR, this trial did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000006128.
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