ArticleScience advances2020
Postweaning maternal care increases male chimpanzee reproductive success.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chimpanzee mothers, but not fathers, influence offspring vocal-visual communicative behavior.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Evidence of organized but not disorganized attachment in wild Western chimpanzee offspring (Pan troglodytes verus).Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Multiparous and primiparous mothers partially differ in how they allocate maternal behaviour in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).Primates; journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Avoidance of reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in chimpanzees.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Social tolerance and role model diversity increase tool use learning opportunities across chimpanzee ontogeny.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Developmental and Sex-Based Variation in Nest Building Among Wild Immature Chimpanzees.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Factors shaping socio-emotional trajectories in sanctuary-living bonobos: a longitudinal approach.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- An early-life challenge: becoming an older sibling in wild mandrills.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Protracted development of stick tool use skills extends into adulthood in wild western chimpanzees.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Reproductive inequality among males in the genusPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Paternity data reveal high MHC diversity among sires in a polygynandrous, egalitarian primate.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Shared community effects and the non-genetic maternal environment shape cortisol levels in wild chimpanzees.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Life history impacts on infancy and the evolution of human social cognition.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Puberty initiates a unique stage of social learning and development prior to adulthood: Insights from studies of adolescence in wild chimpanzees.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- Flexibility in the social structure of male chimpanzees (Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Mothers stick together: how the death of an infant affects female social relationships in a group of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus).Primates; journal of primatology · 2022Article
- Attractiveness of female sexual signaling predicts differences in female grouping patterns between bonobos and chimpanzees.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Two wild female bonobos adopted infants from a different social group at Wamba.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humans are unusual among animals for continuing to provision and care for their offspring until adulthood. This "prolonged dependency" is considered key for the evolution of other notable human traits, such as large brains, complex societies, and extended postreproductive lifespans. Prolonged dependency must therefore have evolved under conditions in which reproductive success is gained with parental investment and diminished with early parental loss. We tested this idea using data from wild chimpanzees, which have similarly extended immature years as humans and prolonged mother-offspring associations. Males who lost their mothers after weaning but before maturity began reproducing later and had lower average reproductive success. Thus, persistent mother-immature son associations seem vital for enhancing male reproductive success, although mothers barely provision sons after weaning. We posit that these associations lead to social gains, crucial for successful reproduction in complex social societies, and offer insights into the evolution of prolonged dependency.
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