ArticleBMJ open2020
Impact of hearing loss and vestibular decline on cognition in Alzheimer's disease: a prospective longitudinal study protocol (Gehoor, Evenwicht en Cognitie, GECkO).
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04385225 (Effect of Hearing Loss and Vestibular Decline on Cognitive Function in Older Subjects), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Hearing Loss and Vestibular Decline on Cognitive Function in Older Subjects: Correlation With Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials and MRI Brain Volume Changes
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Auditory Training on Cognition in Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.Journal of the American Academy of Audiology · 2025Pooled it
- Neurocognitive assessment in relation to hearing impairment and retinal neurodegeneration.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Hearing loss in patients with dementia in Saudi Arabia.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2024Article
- Cognition in vestibular disorders: state of the field, challenges, and priorities for the future.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Article
- Vestibular contribution to path integration deficits in 'at-genetic-risk' for Alzheimer's disease.PloS one · 2023Article
- Analysis of cognitive function and its related factors after treatment in Meniere's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Interpreting the meaning of changes in hippocampal volume associated with vestibular loss.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2023Article
- Hearing loss versus vestibular loss as contributors to cognitive dysfunction.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Hearing loss and brain disorders: A review of multiple pathologies.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2022Review
- Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Cognitive Impairment and Their Relevance to Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review Highlighting the Evidence Gap.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Associations Between Vestibular Perception and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Adults.Ear and hearingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDementia is a prevalent disease affecting a growing number of the ageing population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Previous research investigated the link between hearing loss and cognition, and the effect of vestibular dysfunction on cognition. Hearing loss and, to a lesser extent, vestibular decline both result in a decreasing cognitive function. However, their interaction should not be underestimated. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of hearing loss, vestibular decline and their interaction on cognition in people suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to AD (ADD). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We designed a prospective longitudinal study to assess the effect of hearing loss and vestibular decline on cognition. A total of 100 cognitively impaired elderly (between 55 and 84 years of age), consisting of 60 patients with MCI due to AD and 40 patients with ADD will be included. The control group will consist of individuals with preserved cognition group-matched based on age, hearing level and vestibular function. A comprehensive assessment is performed at baseline, 12-month and 24-month follow-ups. The primary outcome measure is the change in the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status adjusted for Hearing-impaired individuals total score, a cognitive test battery assessing different cognitive domains. Secondary outcome measures include additional neuropsychological assessments, cortical auditory-evoked potentials, and evaluation of general and disease-specific health-related quality of life. Variables include cognitive, audiological and vestibular evaluation. Variance analyses will assess the effect of hearing loss and vestibular decline on cognition. More precisely, the link between hearing loss and non-spatial cognitive functioning, the effect of vestibular decline on spatial cognition and the impact of both factors on the rate of conversion from MCI due to AD to ADD will be investigated. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the Antwerp University Hospital on 4 February 2019 with protocol number B300201938949. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04385225).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.