Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32948572›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2020

History of coronary heart disease increased the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19: a nested case-control study.

Tian Gu, Qiao Chu, Zhangsheng Yu, Botao Fa, Anqi Li, Lei Xu, Ruijun Wu, Yaping He

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Apple-shaped obesity: A risky soil for cytokine-accelerated severity in COVID-19.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
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  18. The impact of chronic cardiovascular disease on COVID-19 clinical course.Journal of clinical and translational research · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Tian GuDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0856-8843
Qiao ChuSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Zhangsheng YuDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Botao FaDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Anqi LiSchool of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Lei XuDepartment of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Ruijun WuSchool of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China hypcyr@sina.com rjwu@re.ecnu.edu.cn.
Yaping HeSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China hypcyr@sina.com rjwu@re.ecnu.edu.cn.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University · CNEast China Normal University · CNShanghai Chest Hospital · CNUniversity of Michigan · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEvaluate the risk of pre-existing comorbidities on COVID-19 mortality, and provide clinical suggestions accordingly.

settingA nested case-control design using confirmed case reports released from the news or the national/provincial/municipal health commissions of China between 18 December 2019 and 8 March 2020.

participantsPatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, excluding asymptomatic patients, in mainland China outside of Hubei Province. OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient demographics, survival time and status, and history of comorbidities.

methodA total of 94 publicly reported deaths in locations outside of Hubei Province, mainland China, were included as cases. Each case was matched with up to three controls, based on gender and age ±1 year old (94 cases and 181 controls). The inverse probability-weighted Cox proportional hazard model was performed, controlling for age, gender and the early period of the outbreak.

resultsOf the 94 cases, the median age was 72.5 years old (IQR=16), and 59.6% were men, while in the control group the median age was 67 years old (IQR=22), and 64.6% were men. Adjusting for age, gender and the early period of the outbreak, poor health conditions were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality (HR of comorbidity score, 1.31 [95% CI 1.11 to 1.54]; p=0.001). The estimated mortality risk in patients with pre-existing coronary heart disease (CHD) was three times that of those without CHD (p<0.001). The estimated 30-day survival probability for a profile patient with pre-existing CHD (65-year-old woman with no other comorbidities) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.82), while it was 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91) for those without CHD. Older age was also associated with increased mortality risk: every 1-year increase in age was associated with a 4% increased risk of mortality (p<0.001).

conclusionExtra care and early medical interventions are needed for patients with pre-existing comorbidities, especially CHD.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsBetacoronavirusBronchitis, ChronicCase-Control StudiesCerebral InfarctionChinaComorbidityCoronary DiseaseCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19Diabetes MellitusFemaleHeart Failurecoronary heart diseaseepidemiologysurvival analysis

Identifiers

PMID32948572
PMCPMC7499679
OpenAlexW3085945866

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.