ArticleBMJ case reports2020
Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis associated with anti-GM1 and anti-GD1a antibodies.
Article in BMJ case reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bickerstaff encephalitis: a comprehensive narrative review of pathophysiology, clinical features, and global health considerations.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- First case report on Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis in a young adult from Syria: Bridging clinical knowledge and practice.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- The utilization of efgartigimod in the treatment of acute cerebellar ataxia: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis Presenting With Negative Anti-GM1 and Anti-GQ1B Antibodies.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) spectrum disorder associated with predominantly central nervous system predilection. Patients exhibit a variable constellation of depressed consciousness, bilateral external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and long tract signs. Although the pathophysiology is not fully understood, it has been associated with anti-GQ1b antibodies in two-thirds of patients. We present a patient with clinical features consistent with BBE and positive anti-GM1 and anti-GD1a antibodies. A diagnostic approach to the acutely unwell patient with brainstem encephalitis is explored in this clinical context with a literature review of the aforementioned ganglioside antibody significance. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is highlighted in BBE using up-to-date evidence-based extrapolation from GBS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.