ReviewPharmaceutics2020
Drugs Modulating CD4+ T Cells Blood-Brain Barrier Interaction in Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulating Th17/Treg Balance in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Insights from Natural Compounds and Immunometabolism.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- FLOT1 and EEF1D: ac4C-related genes bridging Alzheimer's disease and sleep deprivation.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Hypoxic Natural Killer Cells-Derived HIF-1α-Containing Exosomes Inhibit Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis in Neurocytes to Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease by Eliminating Oxidative Damages.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Identification and Exploration of Immunity-Related Genes and Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease Based on Bioinformatics, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- The Role of Th17/Treg Axis in Retinal Pathology Associated with Diabetes and Treatment Options.Biology · 2025Review
- Article
- New Evidence for the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Inflammation in Stress-Associated Depression: A Gene-Environment Analysis Covering 19,296 Genes in 109,360 Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The impact of BDNF and CD4 + T cell crosstalk on depression.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- The Current Landscape of Hypotheses Describing the Contribution of CD4+ Heterogeneous Populations to ALS.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Factors regulating the differences in frequency of infiltration of Th17 and Treg of the blood-brain barrier.Immunogenetics · 2023Review
- Mouse CCL9 Chemokine Acts as Tumor Suppressor in a Murine Model of Colon Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Combined analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveals the expression patterns of circadian rhythm disruption in the immune microenvironment of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the T helper 17/regulatory T cell balance in geriatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a randomized controlled study.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Ribosomal proteins are blood biomarkers and associated with CD4+ T cell activation in Alzheimer's disease: a study based on machine learning strategies and scRNA-Seq data validation.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Adera2.0: A Drug Repurposing Workflow for Neuroimmunological Investigations Using Neural Networks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sex differences in the genetic architecture of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- An Update on the Evolutionary History of Bregs.Genes · 2022Review
- The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Th17 cells and inflammation in neurological disorders: Possible mechanisms of action.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Identification of mRNA expression biomarkers associated with epilepsy and response to valproate with co-expression analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) medications on CD4+ T cells homing has not been thoroughly investigated. CD4+ T cells could both exacerbate and reduce AD symptoms based on their infiltrating subpopulations. Proinflammatory subpopulations such as Th1 and Th17 constitute a major source of proinflammatory cytokines that reduce endothelial integrity and stimulate astrocytes, resulting in the production of amyloid β. Anti-inflammatory subpopulations such as Th2 and Tregs reduce inflammation and regulate the function of Th1 and Th17. Recently, pathogenic Th17 has been shown to have a superior infiltrating capacity compared to other major CD4+ T cell subpopulations. Alzheimer's drugs such as donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne), and memantine (Namenda) are known to play an important part in regulating the mechanisms of the neurotransmitters. However, little is known about the effect of these drugs on CD4+ T cell subpopulations' infiltration of the brain during AD. In this review, we focus on understanding the influence of AD drugs on CD4+ T cell subpopulation interactions with the BBB in AD. While current AD therapies improve endothelial integrity and reduce astrocytes activations, they vary according to their influence on various CD4+ T cell subpopulations. Donepezil reduces the numbers of Th1 but not Th2, Rivastigmine inhibits Th1 and Th17 but not Th2, and memantine reduces Th1 but not Treg. However, none of the current AD drugs is specifically designed to target the dysregulated balance in the Th17/Treg axis. Future drug design approaches should specifically consider inhibiting CD4+ Th17 to improve AD prognosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.