ArticleCornea2020
Effects of Terpinen-4-ol on Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells In Vitro.
Article in Cornea, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of Terpinen-4-ol Combined With Eyelid Deep Cleaning for the Treatment of Demodex Blepharitis: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Tea tree oil action on human corneal epithelial cells biological activity.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Pharmacological, Natural and Emerging Therapies for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.Drugs · 2026Review
- Effects of Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution, 0.25% onClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- An interdisciplinary scoping review of the emerging impact of periocular skincare products on the ocular surface microbiome and tear film stability.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Effects of Dietary Terpinen-4-ol on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Liver of Broilers with Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Patient-Reported Burden of Illness and Unmet Needs inPatient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Intense Pulsed Light Combined with Low Level Blue and Red Light Therapy forClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Modern Technologies inSovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2025Review
- The Effect of Terpinen-4-ol on Human Corneal Epithelium.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Review
- Clinical diagnosis and management of Demodex blepharitis: the Demodex Expert Panel on Treatment and Eyelid Health (DEPTH).Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A review on drug-induced dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Delphi Panel Consensus Regarding Current Clinical Practice Management Options forClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Negative terpinen-4-ol modulate potentially malignant and malignant lingual lesions induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in rat model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Article
- The association of demodex infestation with pediatric chalazia.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Recent Evidence of Tea Tree Oil Effectiveness in Blepharitis Treatment.BioMed research international · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeInfestation with demodex mites has been linked to the development of chalazion, meibomian gland dysfunction, and blepharitis. An effective treatment is the eyelid application of terpinen-4-ol (T4O), a tea tree oil component. However, T4O is also known to be toxic to nonocular epithelial cells. We hypothesize that T4O toxicity also extends to human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs).
methodsImmortalized (I) HMGECs were cultured with varying concentrations (1.0%-0.001%) of T4O under proliferating or differentiating conditions up to 5 days. Experimental procedures included analyses of cell appearance, survival, P-Akt signaling, lysosome accumulation, and neutral lipid content.
resultsOur findings show that T4O causes a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the cell survival of IHMGECs. After 15 minutes of exposure to 1% T4O, IHMGECs exhibited rounding, atrophy, and poor adherence. Within 90 minutes of such treatment, almost all cells died. Reducing the T4O concentration to 0.1% also led to a marked decrease in P-Akt signaling and cell survival of IHMGECs. Decreasing the T4O amount to 0.01% caused a slight, but significant, reduction in the IHMGEC number after 5 days of culture and did not influence the ability of these cells to differentiate.
conclusionsT4O, even at levels 10-fold to 100-fold lower than demodicidal concentrations, is toxic to HMGECs in vitro.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.