ArticlePloS one2020
The daytime feeding frequency affects appetite-regulating hormones, amino acids, physical activity, and respiratory quotient, but not energy expenditure, in adult cats fed regimens for 21 days.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- iCatCare 2025 consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus in cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Guideline
- Consuming treats with amino acids, osmolytes and sodium increased total water intake and decreased urine specific gravity of healthy cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Circulating lipid profiles and post-prandial glucose and insulin in response to dietary macronutrient composition in lean and obese cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- From pathogenesis to prevention: an update on the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities in cats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Twenty-Four-Hour Feeding Patterns of In-Home Healthy Aging Cats Fed Wet, Dry, or a Combination of Wet and Dry Diets Ad Libitum.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The cyclic metabolic switching theory of intermittent fasting.Nature metabolism · 2025Review
- Isoenergetic reduction of dietary macronutrients modulates respiratory quotients and heat increment of feeding but not energy expenditure in cats.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 in cats with chronic enteropathies.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Isoenergetic reduction of dietary macronutrients affects body composition, physical activity, and post-prandial hormone responses in lean and obese cats fed to maintain body weight.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- One Health: Circadian Medicine Benefits Both Non-human Animals and Humans Alike.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Review
- Identifying the target population and preventive strategies to combat feline obesity.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Review
- Description of the fasted serum metabolomic signature of lean and obese cats at maintenance and of obese cats under energy restriction.PloS one · 2024Article
- Characteristics of Nutrition and Metabolism in Dogs and Cats.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Circulating direct infusion MS and NMR metabolomic profiles of post-gonadectomy kittens with or without additional dietary choline supplementation.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Short-term changes in dietary fat levels and starch sources affect weight management, glucose and lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota in adult cats.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- Dose-response relationship between dietary choline and serum lipid profile, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient in overweight adult cats fed at maintenance energy requirements.Journal of animal science · 2022Article
- Physiological and pharmacological actions of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in domestic animals.Veterinary and animal science · 2022Article
- Serum and Fecal Amino Acid Profiles in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- The Diets of Companion Cats in Aotearoa New Zealand: Identification of Obesity Risk Factors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Addition of dietary methionine but not dietary taurine or methyl donors/receivers to a grain-free diet increases postprandial homocysteine concentrations in adult dogs.Journal of animal science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effects of feeding frequency on postprandial response of circulating appetite-regulating hormones, insulin, glucose and amino acids, and on physical activity, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient were studied in healthy adult cats. Two experiments were designed as a 2 x 3 replicated incomplete Latin square design. Eight cats, with an average body weight (BW) of 4.34 kg ± 0.04 and body condition score (BCS) of 5.4 ± 1.4 (9 point scale), were fed isocaloric amounts of a commercial adult maintenance canned cat food either once (0800 h) or four times daily (0800 h, 1130 h, 1500 h, 1830 h). Study 1 consisted of three 21-d periods. On day 14, two fasted and 11 postprandial blood samples were collected over 24 hours to measure plasma concentrations of ghrelin, GLP-1, GIP, leptin, PYY, insulin and amino acids, and whole blood glucose. Physical activity was monitored from day 15 to 21 of each period. In Study 2 indirect calorimetry was performed on the last day of each period. Body weight was measured weekly and feed intake recorded daily in both experiments. No effect of feeding regimen on BW was detected. Cats eating four times daily had lesser plasma concentrations of GIP and GLP-1 (P<0.05) and tended to have lesser plasma PYY concentrations (P<0.1). Plasma leptin and whole blood glucose concentrations did not differ between regimens (P>0.1). Cats fed once daily had a greater postprandial plasma amino acid response, and greater plasma ghrelin and insulin concentrations (P<0.05). Physical activity was greater in cats fed four times (P<0.05), though energy expenditure was similar between treatments at fasting and in postprandial phases. Finally, cats eating one meal had a lower fasting respiratory quotient (P<0.05). Overall, these data indicate that feeding once a day may be a beneficial feeding management strategy for indoor cats to promote satiation and lean body mass.
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