Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32946436›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2020

Expanded genome-wide comparisons give novel insights into population structure and genetic heterogeneity of Leishmania tropica complex.

Tamara Salloum, Rim Moussa, Ryan Rahy, Jospin Al Deek, Ibrahim Khalifeh, Rana El Hajj, Neil Hall, Robert P Hirt, Sima Tokajian

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Unraveling the Genome Diversity ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Evaluation of Beauvericin's activity and mode of action against all life stages ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Experimental Hybridization inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  12. Molecular-based assay for genotypingParasite epidemiology and control · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Impact of Genetic Diversity and Genome Plasticity ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Review
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tamara SalloumDepartment of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-2689-4175
Rim MoussaDepartment of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
Ryan RahyDepartment of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0003-0836-1153
Jospin Al DeekDepartment of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
Ibrahim KhalifehDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-1215-5320
Rana El HajjDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Neil HallEarlham Institute, Norwich research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2808-0009
Robert P HirtBiosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Sima TokajianDepartment of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-3653-8940

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Leishmania tropica is one of the main causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Population structures of L. tropica appear to be genetically highly diverse. However, the relationship between L. tropica strains genomic diversity, protein coding gene evolution and biogeography are still poorly understood. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of three new clinical L. tropica isolates, two derived from a recent outbreak of CL in camps hosting Syrian refugees in Lebanon and one historical isolate from Azerbaijan to further refine comparative genome analyses. In silico multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) was performed to integrate the current diversity of genome sequence data in the wider available MLMT genetic population framework. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), gene copy number variations (CNVs) and chromosome ploidy were investigated across the available 18 L. tropica genomes with a main focus on protein coding genes. MLMT divided the strains in three populations that broadly correlated with their geographical distribution but not populations defined by SNPs. Unique SNPs profiles divided the 18 strains into five populations based on principal component analysis. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the protein coding genes with population specific SNPs profiles revealed various biological processes, including iron acquisition, sterols synthesis and drug resistance. This study further highlights the complex links between L. tropica important genomic heterogeneity and the parasite broad geographic distribution. Unique sequence features in protein coding genes identified in distinct populations reveal potential novel markers that could be exploited for the development of more accurate typing schemes to further improve our knowledge of the evolution and epidemiology of the parasite as well as highlighting protein variants of potential functional importance underlying L. tropica specific biology.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationGenome, ProtozoanAzerbaijanDNA Copy Number VariationsDNA, ProtozoanGene DosageGeographic MappingHumansLebanonLeishmaniasis, CutaneousLeishmania tropicaMicrosatellite RepeatsPhylogenyPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRefugeesSyriaDNA, Protozoan

Identifiers

PMID32946436
PMCPMC7526921

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.