ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering2021
Programmable Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Modulation Approach for the Generation of Controllable Magnetic Stimuli.
Article in IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Quasi-Resonant System for High-Frequency Trans-Spinal Magnetic Stimulation (HF-TSMS).IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025Article
- Novel non-resonant, low-frequency pulse-current circuit for energy-efficient, low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Ultra-high frequency repetitive TMS at subthreshold intensity induces suprathreshold motor response via temporal summation.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- xTMS: A Pulse Generator for Exploring Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapies.Conference proceedings. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · 2023Article
- Optimal Design of Array Coils for Multi-Target Adjustable Electromagnetic Brain Stimulation System.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The complex landscape of TMS devices: A brief overview.PloS one · 2023Article
- A neurostimulator system for real, sham, and multi-target transcranial magnetic stimulation.Journal of neural engineering · 2022Article
- Modular multilevel TMS device with wide output range and ultrabrief pulse capability for sound reduction.Journal of neural engineering · 2022Article
- Comparison between the modelled response of primary motor cortex neurons to pulse-width modulated and conventional TMS stimuli.Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference · 2021Article
- Numerical Modelling of Plasticity Induced by Quadri-Pulse Stimulation.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2021Article
- Paralleling insulated-gate bipolar transistors in the H-bridge structure to reduce current stress.SN applied sciences · 2021Article
- Estimation of the Motor Threshold for Near-Rectangular Stimuli Using the Hodgkin-Huxley Model.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2021Article
- Pulse width modulation-based TMS: Primary motor cortex responses compared to conventional monophasic stimuli.Brain stimulationArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA transcranial magnetic stimulation system with programmable stimulus pulses and patterns is presented. The stimulus pulses of the implemented system expand beyond conventional damped cosine or near-rectangular pulses and approach an arbitrary waveform.
methodsThe desired stimulus waveform shape is defined as a reference signal. This signal controls the semiconductor switches of an H-bridge inverter to generate a high-power imitation of the reference. The design uses a new paradigm for TMS, applying pulse-width modulation with a non-resonant, high-frequency switching architecture to synthesize waveforms that leverages the low-pass filtering properties of neuronal cells. The modulation technique enables control of the waveform, frequency, pattern, and intensity of the stimulus.
resultsA system prototype was developed to demonstrate the technique. The experimental measurements demonstrate that the system is capable of generating stimuli up to 4 kHz with peak voltage and current values of ±1000 V and ±3600 A, respectively. The maximum transferred energy measured in the experimental validation was 100.4 Joules. To characterize repetitive TMS modalities, the efficiency of generating consecutive pulse triplets and quadruplets with interstimulus intervals of 1 ms was tested and verified.
conclusionThe implemented TMS device can generate consecutive rectangular pulses with a predetermined time interval, widths and polarities, enables the synthesis of a wide range of magnetic stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE: New waveforms promise functional advantages over the waveforms generated by current-generation TMS systems for clinical neuroscience research.
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