Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32946367›Full record

ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2020

Lessons Learned from a Decade of Investigations of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Outbreaks Linked to Leafy Greens, United States and Canada.

Katherine E Marshall, April Hexemer, Sharon L Seelman, Marianne K Fatica, Tyann Blessington, Maha Hajmeer, Hannah Kisselburgh, Robin Atkinson, Kristin Hill, Davendra Sharma and 8 more

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
11.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Efficacy of chemical sanitizers againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. A multi-provincial outbreak ofEpidemiology and infection · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Applied microbiology of the phyllosphere.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Katherine E Marshall
April Hexemer
Sharon L Seelman
Marianne K Fatica
Tyann Blessington
Maha Hajmeer
Hannah Kisselburgh
Robin Atkinson
Kristin Hill
Davendra Sharma
Michael Needham
Vi Peralta
Jeffrey Higa
Karen Blickenstaff
Ian T Williams
Michael A Jhung
Matthew Wise
Laura Gieraltowski
Canadian Food Inspection Agency · CACenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USPublic Health Agency of Canada · CACalifornia Department of Public Health · USMedscape · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause substantial and costly illnesses. Leafy greens are the second most common source of foodborne STEC O157 outbreaks. We examined STEC outbreaks linked to leafy greens during 2009-2018 in the United States and Canada. We identified 40 outbreaks, 1,212 illnesses, 77 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, and 8 deaths. More outbreaks were linked to romaine lettuce (54%) than to any other type of leafy green. More outbreaks occurred in the fall (45%) and spring (28%) than in other seasons. Barriers in epidemiologic and traceback investigations complicated identification of the ultimate outbreak source. Research on the seasonality of leafy green outbreaks and vulnerability to STEC contamination and bacterial survival dynamics by leafy green type are warranted. Improvements in traceability of leafy greens are also needed. Federal and state health partners, researchers, the leafy green industry, and retailers can work together on interventions to reduce STEC contamination.

Indexed as

Escherichia coli InfectionsShiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coliCanadaDisease OutbreaksFood MicrobiologyLactucaUnited StatesbacteriaCanadadisease outbreaksE. colienteric infectionsfood safetyleafy greensShiga toxin–producing Escherichia coliSTECUnited Statesvegetables

Identifiers

PMID32946367
PMCPMC7510726
OpenAlexW3087355178

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.