ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2021
Renal function is associated with plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, L-carnitine and betaine: a pilot study.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with chronic kidney disease risk.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolome panels as potential noninvasive biomarkers for primary glomerulonephritis sub-types: meta-analysis of profiling metabolomics studies.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Circulating Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitors on Plasma Concentrations and Renal Clearance of the Risk Marker Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Betaine as a regulator of metabolism, epigenetics, and cellular osmoprotection: therapeutic implications in cardiometabolic and renal diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Urinary betaine/creatinine ratio enhances diagnostic accuracy of PLA2R-Ab in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Utility of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a biomarker for risk stratification in chronic kidney disease: a multicenter observational study.BMC nephrology · 2025Observational
- Exercise-mimicking effects of betaine in chronic disease prevention and management.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Associations of dietary choline intake and kidney function with hyperuricemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Identification of serum biomarkers for chronic kidney disease using serum metabolomics.Renal failure · 2024Article
- The Interplay Between Dietary Choline and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization reveals causal effects of betaine and N-acetylornithine on impairment of renal function.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Network pharmacology and multi-omics validation of the Jianpi-Yishen formula in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Choline supplementation attenuates experimental sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2022Article
- The Role of Betaine in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: a Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Photobiomodulation for Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide, its precursors and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Mediating effects of renal function.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- The modulation of gut microbiota by herbal medicine to alleviate diabetic kidney disease - A review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Metabolites in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide Exacerbates Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats With Diabetic Kidney Disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to a variety of causes. Most patients remain undiagnosed at early stage of CKD and proceed to end stage CKD due to unawareness and lacking of efficient biomarkers. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its predecessor products: choline, L-carnitine and betaine are associated with reduced renal function. However, whether the combined variation of the four metabolites could contribute in prediction and stratification of impaired glomerular function in Chinese CKD patients is unknown. Our aim is to investigate the associations of plasma TMAO, choline, L-carnitine and betaine with glomerular filtration in CKD patients. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 65 CKD patients and 64 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Fasting plasma metabolites were detected using liquid chromatography-based method.
resultsPlasma TMAO, choline, betaine and L-carnitine levels were differentially correlated with eGFR. The four metabolites were independently associated with CKD after adjustment for multiple traditional risk factors. The combination of the four metabolites had good performance at discriminating CKD from healthy controls (AUC = 0.96) as well as discriminating low eGFR from high eGFR in CKD (AUC = 0.96).
conclusionCombinations of TMAO and its precursors were associated with glomerular function and might be utilized in evaluation of CKD.
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