ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
Retina Organoid Transplants Develop Photoreceptors and Improve Visual Function in RCS Rats With RPE Dysfunction.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases: A Systematic Review.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Pooled it
- Building on a Solid Foundation: Adding Relevance and Reproducibility to Neurological Modeling Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Generation of a New Immunodeficient Rat Model of Retinal Degeneration With LSL TdTomato Reporter and TdTomato-Pcp2 Expression.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Stem cell-based therapies for neuroretinal degeneration: current landscape and future perspectives.Stem cells translational medicine · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Strategies for Neural Repair and Regeneration: Neural Organoid Transplantation in the CNS.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Injectable alginate hydrogels improve the effects of subretinal hiPSC-derived RPE cell therapy on retinal degeneration in rats.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Intraperitoneal Humanin-G in Retinal Degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons Rats.Research square · 2026Article
- Retinal organoids: current status of development and new avenues for application in disease modeling, drug discovery and therapeutics.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Effect of Intraperitoneal Humanin-G in Retinal Degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advances in retinal pigment epithelium transplantation for age-related macular degeneration: bridging biology to therapeutic frontiers.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Generation of a new immunodeficient rat model of retinal degeneration with LSL TdTomato reporter and TdTomato-Pcp2 expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advances in RPGR gene therapy for X‑linked retinitis pigmentosa: From preclinical insights to clinical application (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- A Novel, Low-Cost, 3D-Printed Motorized Injector for Retinal Sheet Transplantation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Stem cell-derived co-grafts contribute to retinal reconstruction and visual functional improvement in a laser damaged rat model.Military Medical Research · 2025Article
- Animal models for the evaluation of retinal stem cell therapies.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Effect of immunosuppression on hESC-derived retina organoids in vitro and in vivo.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Advances in the Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Based on Cell or Cell-Biomaterial Scaffolds.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Challenges and Advances in the Production of Transplantable Retinal Tissue from Retinal Organoids.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2025Article
- Atrophic Macular Degeneration and Stem Cell Therapy: A Clinical Review.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Advances in Regenerative Medicine, Cell Therapy, and 3D Bioprinting for Glaucoma and Retinal Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To study if human embryonic stem cell-derived photoreceptors could survive and function without the support of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after transplantation into Royal College of Surgeons rats, a rat model of retinal degeneration caused by RPE dysfunction. Methods: CSC14 human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into primordial eye structures called retinal organoids. Retinal organoids were analyzed by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence and compared with human fetal retina. Retinal organoid sheets (30-70 day of differentiation) were transplanted into immunodeficient RCS rats, aged 44 to 56 days. The development of transplant organoids in vivo in relation to the host was examined by optical coherence tomography. Visual function was assessed by optokinetic testing, electroretinogram, and superior colliculus electrophysiologic recording. Cryostat sections were analyzed for various retinal, synaptic, and donor markers. Results: Retinal organoids showed similar gene expression to human fetal retina transplanted rats demonstrated significant improvement in visual function compared with RCS nonsurgery and sham surgery controls by ERGs at 2 months after surgery (but not later), optokinetic testing (up to 6 months after surgery) and electrophysiologic superior colliculus recordings (6-8 months after surgery). The transplanted organoids survived more than 7 months; developed photoreceptors with inner and outer segments, and other retinal cells; and were well-integrated within the host. Conclusions: This study, to our knowledge, is the first to show that transplanted photoreceptors survive and function even with host's dysfunctional RPE. Our findings suggest that transplantation of organoid sheets from stem cells may be a promising approach/therapeutic for blinding diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.