ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2020
Resurgence of an international hepatitis A outbreak linked to imported frozen strawberries, Germany, 2018 to 2020.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Continuous Circulation of Hepatitis E and A Viruses During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns in Munich, Germany-Experience from Three Years of Wastewater Surveillance.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Development and application of a quadruple RT-qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of NoV GI, NoV GII, and HAV in bivalve shellfish.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Antiviral Activity of Natural Compounds for Food Safety.Food and environmental virology · 2024Review
- A Reliable Multifaceted Solution against Foodborne Viral Infections: The Case of RiLK1 Decapeptide.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Loxapine inhibits replication of hepatitis A virus in vitro and in vivo by targeting viral protein 2C.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- [Expert recommendations on hepatitis A vaccination for adults].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- One Health Perspectives on Food Safety in Minimally Processed Vegetables and Fruits: From Farm to Fork.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Quantitative Risk Assessment of Five Foodborne Viruses in Shellfish Based on Multiplex qPCR.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Hepatitis A seroprevalence, vaccination status and demographic determinants in children and adolescents in Germany, 2014-2017, a population-based study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Hepatitis A notifications in the EU/EEA, 2010-2019: what can we learn from case reporting to the European Surveillance System?Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Macrophage Depletion Reactivates Fecal Virus Shedding following Resolution of Acute Hepatitis A inJournal of virology · 2022Article
- Molecular epidemiology and genotype-specific disease severity of hepatitis E virus infections in Germany, 2010-2019.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- A community-wide epidemic of hepatitis A virus genotype IA associated with consumption of shellfish in Yantai, eastern China, January to March 2020.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Organic strawberry- Plausible vehicle of the hepatitis A virus transmission.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- A 2019 Outbreak Investigation of Hepatitis A Virus Infections in the United States Linked to Imported Fresh Blackberries.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- Detection of Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Strawberry and Green Leafy Vegetables by Using RT-qPCR in Egypt.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- The European Union One Health 2020 Zoonoses Report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- Reflections on the first World Field Epidemiology Day.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following outbreaks linked to frozen strawberries in Sweden and Austria in 2018, 65 cases linked to the same hepatitis A virus strain were detected in Germany between October 2018 and January 2020, presenting in two waves. Two case-control studies and a comparison of cases' consumption frequencies with purchase data from a large consumer panel provided strong evidence for frozen strawberry cake as the main vehicle of transmission. Of 46 cases interviewed, 27 reported consuming frozen strawberry cake and 25 of these identified cake(s) from brand A spontaneously or in product picture-assisted recall. Trace back investigations revealed that the Polish producer involved in the previous outbreaks in Sweden and Austria had received frozen strawberries from Egypt via a wholesaler that also delivered frozen strawberries to manufacturer of brand A. Phylogenetic analyses linked the outbreak strain to similar strains formerly isolated from sewage, stool and strawberries in Egypt. Complete trace back and timely recall of products with strong evidence of contamination is important to control an outbreak and prevent later resurgence, particularly for food items with a long shelf life. Continued molecular surveillance of hepatitis A is needed to identify outbreaks and monitor the success of food safety interventions.
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