Trial reportJournal of the National Cancer Institute2021
Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Trial report in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Risk of Kidney, Liver, and Testicular Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.La Medicina del lavoro · 2023Pooled it
- A metabolomic investigation of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate.Environment international · 2023Pooled it
- Mortality study of a PFOA-exposed cohort in the mid-Ohio Valley.Environment international · 2026Article
- A Review on Environmental Occurrence and Toxicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Selected Short-Chain Analogs-Perfluorohexanoic Acid and Perfluorobutanoic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Association between serum perfluoroalkyl substances and COPD risk: population evidence and in vitro validation.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of in vitro profiling data of cosmetic ingredients within the Tox21 10K compound library for bioactivity and potential toxicity.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Network toxicology and single-cell transcriptomics nominate candidate pyrethroid-associated targets and pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoralkylated substances (PFAS) and other emerging contaminants in groundwater from central urban areas of São Paulo city, Brazil.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Article
- Review
- Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Dysregulation in AmpligoJournal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Perfluoroalkyl compound levels in breast milk of mothers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Tap Water Following an Accidental Release of Fire-Fighting Foam into the Drinking Water System in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, USA.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Associations between PFAS in public water system drinking water and serum among Southern California adults.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water and cancer prevalence in the United States.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Spacio-Linear Screening for Ligand-Docking Cavities in Protein Structures: SLAM Algorithm.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An overview of the impact of PFAS on animals, humans, and the environment using a One Health approach.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Review
- PFAS Alter Thyroid Histology and Cellular SignalingJournal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Sorption of Anionic and Zwitterionic Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Present in Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foams.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Serum Lipidome, and Clinical Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Nested Case-control Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent chemicals that have been detected in the serum of over 98% of the US population. Studies among highly exposed individuals suggest an association with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and kidney cancer. It remains unclear whether PFOA or other PFAS are renal carcinogens or if they influence risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at concentrations observed in the general population.
methodsWe measured prediagnostic serum concentrations of PFOA and 7 additional PFAS in 324 RCC cases and 324 individually matched controls within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating serum PFAS concentrations and RCC risk. Individual PFAS were modeled continuously (log2-transformed) and categorically, with adjustment for kidney function and additional potential confounders. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
resultsWe observed a positive association with RCC risk for PFOA (doubling in serum concentration, ORcontinuous = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.37, P = .002) and a greater than twofold increased risk among those in the highest quartile vs the lowest (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.33 to 5.20, Ptrend = .007). The association with PFOA was similar after adjustment for other PFAS (ORcontinuous = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.63, P = .02) and remained apparent in analyses restricted to individuals without evidence of diminished kidney function and in cases diagnosed 8 or more years after phlebotomy.
conclusionsOur findings add substantially to the weight of evidence that PFOA is a renal carcinogen and may have important public health implications for the many individuals exposed to this ubiquitous and highly persistent chemical.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.