ReviewCancer biology & medicine2020
Current state and future of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Review in Cancer biology & medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Chemoradiation of glioblastoma cells alters expression of activation and immune checkpoint molecules on type 1 and 2 dendritic cells and impacts on subsequent T cell proliferation.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Exploring the potential role of ADRB1 as a tumor suppressor gene and prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Allogeneic stem cells engineered to release interferon β and scFv-PD1 target glioblastoma and alter the tumor microenvironment.Cytotherapy · 2024Article
- Losartan and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Glioblastoma: An Appropriate Substitute for Steroids.Annals of neurosciences · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Immune-related lncRNAs signature and radiomics signature predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Deciphering EIF3D's Role in Immune Regulation and Malignant Progression: A Pan-Cancer Analysis with a Focus on Colon Adenocarcinoma.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- ARPC5 acts as a potential prognostic biomarker that is associated with cell proliferation, migration and immune infiltrate in gliomas.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Glioblastoma-Current Concepts and Promising Future.Cells · 2023Review
- PTPN1 is a prognostic biomarker related to cancer immunity and drug sensitivity: from pan-cancer analysis to validation in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A prognostic NAD+ metabolism-related gene signature for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitor in glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy of glioblastoma: Recent advances and future prospects.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- DUSP10 upregulation is a poor prognosticator and promotes cell proliferation and migration in glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Identification of an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related signature associated with clinical prognosis, immune response, and chemotherapy in primary glioblastomas.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the interaction between a tumor and the immune system, immune checkpoints play an important role, and in tumor immune escape, co-inhibitory immune checkpoints are important. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can enhance the immune system's killing effect on tumors. To date, impressive progress has been made in a variety of tumor treatments; PD1/PDL1 and CTLA4 inhibitors have been approved for clinical use in some tumors. However, glioblastoma (GBM) still lacks an effective treatment. Recently, a phase III clinical trial using nivolumab to treat recurrent GBM showed no significant improvement in overall survival compared to bevacizumab. Therefore, the use of immune checkpoints in the treatment of GBM still faces many challenges. First, to clarify the mechanism of action, how different immune checkpoints play roles in tumor escape needs to be determined; which biomarkers predict a benefit from ICIs treatment and the therapeutic implications for GBM based on experiences in other tumors also need to be determined. Second, to optimize combination therapies, how different types of immune checkpoints are selected for combined application and whether combinations with targeted agents or other immunotherapies exhibit increased efficacy need to be addressed. All of these concerns require extensive basic research and clinical trials. In this study, we reviewed existing knowledge with respect to the issues mentioned above and the progress made in treatments, summarized the state of ICIs in preclinical studies and clinical trials involving GBM, and speculated on the therapeutic prospects of ICIs in the treatment of GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.